Liberia: Description, History, ProblemsStarr, Frederick
History
Liberia: Description, History, Problems
Starr, Frederick
Liberia
For the general uplift, there is no question that the most important
element in this scheme of education must be the Higher Agricultural
School. It should be situated upon an experimental farm; it should be
supplied with sufficient suitable buildings; it should combine literary
and manual instruction. It should carry boys far enough to infuse them
with ambition and vigor for an agricultural career. It should teach the
methods demanded by the peculiar surroundings. Tropical agriculture in
any country is still in its beginnings; scientific agriculture in
Liberia is as yet non-existent; as rapidly as possible, the school
should, through investigation and experiment, learn what is necessary
for the locality. It will start with the benefit of blind experiments
conducted through a period of almost a hundred years; it should, by
twenty years of well-directed effort, work out the fundamental
principles of successful agriculture. In such a school boys should be
taught that hand labor is respectable and necessary; they should be
taught equally how to plan, develop, and direct an enterprise. Coffee
was at one time an important article of shipment; Liberian coffee had an
excellent reputation throughout the world and commanded good prices;
there were many creditable plantations which brought in good returns to
their proprietors. Why has Liberian coffee ceased to pay? It is true
that it has had to meet keen competition from countries where labor was
plenty and under good control; it has had to meet in open market
products which had been raised through subsidies paid by nations far
wealthier; still, the chief reason why Liberian coffee no longer has the
vogue which it once had is because it was badly handled, badly packed,
and badly shipped. In the higher agricultural school one should be
taught not only how to establish coffee plantations, but how to properly
treat, prepare, and ship the produce. There was a time when many fields
were planted with sugar-cane; there were many little local mills where
the cane was crushed and molasses and sugar made; to-day it may be said
that there is no cane industry in the Republic. Has the demand for sugar
ceased? Has the soil lost the capacity of growing cane? Is not the
decline in this industry due to time-losing, crude, and imperfect
methods of production? Liberia seems well adapted to various domestic
animals. Goats and sheep--the latter covered with hair, not wool--are
seen on the streets of the national capital; when one gets back into the
interior, cattle are found in native towns and in the district about
Cape Palmas cattle are met with in the coast settlements. Yet fresh meat
is difficult to secure in Monrovia; why? In the Higher Agricultural
School definite investigation should be made of all native plant and
animal possibilities; there are no doubt many forms of plant life which
could be improved under proper cultivation and made to yield desirable
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