Apothecia immersed; spores fusiform, 1-septate 1. *Pyrenocollema Reinke. Apothecia superficial. Thallus without a cortex. Spores simple, globose or ellipsoid. Thallus crustaceous 2. *Leprocollema Wain. Thallus largely squamulose-fruticose. Apothecia lecideine (dark-coloured) 3. *Leciophysma Th. Fr. Apothecia lecanorine 4. Physma Massal. Spores variously septate or muriform. Apothecia biatorine (light-coloured) 5. *Homothecium Mont. Apothecia lecanorine 6. Collema Wigg. Thallus with cortex of plectenchyma. Spores simple. Spores globose 7. Lemmopsis A. Zahlbr. Spores ellipsoid, with thick subverrucose wall 8. *Dichodium Nyl. Spores vermiform, spirally curved 9. *Koerberia Massal. Spores variously septate or muriform. Apothecia biatorine (light-coloured) 10. *Arctomia Th. Fr. Apothecia lecanorine 11. Leptogium S. F. Gray. XL. _HEPPIACEAE_ A family belonging to the “blue-green” series as it is associated with a gelatinous alga, _Scytonema_, but is of almost entirely cellular structure and is non-gelatinous. The thallus is squamulose or minutely foliose, or is formed of narrow almost fruticose lobes; the apothecia are semi-immersed; the asci are 4-many-spored. _Heppia_ is a wide-spread genus both in northern and tropical regions with about forty species that live on soil or rock. So far, no representative has been recorded in our Islands. Spores simple, colourless, globose or ellipsoid 1. *Heppia Naeg. Spores muriform, colourless, ellipsoid 2. *Amphidium[1054] Nyl. XLI. _PANNARIACEAE_ The members of this family are also non-gelatinous, though for the most part associated with blue-green gelatinous algae, _Nostoc_ or _Scytonema_. The gonidia are bright-green in the genera _Psoroma_ and _Psoromaria_, the former often included under _Lecanora_, but too closely resembling _Pannaria_ to be dissociated from that genus. The thallus varies from being crustaceous to squamulose or foliose, and has a cortex of plectenchyma on the upper and sometimes also on the lower surface. The apothecia are superficial or lateral and with or without a thalline margin (lecanorine or biatorine), the spores are colourless.