Life and literature in the Roman republicFrank, Tenney
History
Life and literature in the Roman republic
Frank, Tenney
Latin literature -- History and criticism; Rome -- Intellectual life
The emphatic dominance of quantity over speech went so far in controlling
word-accent that about two centuries before Cicero it had drawn the
accent to the penultimate vowel if that was long. Hence, in the sentence
endings which so often consisted of weighty words, word-accent to a
remarkable degree coincided with a natural quantitative utterance.
Latin, therefore, lent itself to a rhythmical close of sentences, often
combining word-stress and length of utterance in a way that Greek
prose rhythm did not. Cicero had studied Greek and had observed that
various writers advocated the use of iambs, dactyls, and paeans[33] for
clause-endings, and he labored somewhat confusedly to justify those
rhythms since Greek theory seemed to demand them, but modern analysis has
proved that his ear had shaped a truer Latin rhythm than his scholarship
or his logic. His favorite clausulae, though he was not fully aware of
it, were cretics and trochaics, producing a rhythm that adapted itself
excellently to the dominance of longs, to the penultimate law, and to a
strong close. As usual, a true appreciation of the genius of the Latin
language saved the art from the effect of rules that were made for
another medium. Here again Latin shows its independence.
But this is not all. Cicero’s books of rhetoric emphasize periodic
sentence structure with careful attention to a mobile arrangement of
clauses within the period. The Greek orators had of course practiced this
art, and the teachers had drawn up the rules of the game afterwards.
Cicero, for instance, often patterns his clauses with care in order to
reach a periodic climax. In the _Orator_[34] he quotes an example from a
speech of his own in which he follows two pairs of balanced phrases and a
pair of clauses with a tranquil dignified close.
Domus tibi deerat? At habebas; pecunia superabat? At egebas;
incurristi amens in columnas; in alienos insanus insanisti:
depressam caecam jacentem domum pluris quam te et quam fortunas tuas
aestimasti.
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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