Life and literature in the Roman republicFrank, Tenney
History
Life and literature in the Roman republic
Frank, Tenney
Latin literature -- History and criticism; Rome -- Intellectual life
Pacuvius, the nephew and successor of Ennius, did not write many plays.
From the little that remains of his work we should judge that he
preferred themes somewhat off the beaten track and that in choosing plays
that contained heterodox discussions of ethical themes, he, too, felt the
influence of the new Greek learning and kept in mind the interests of
the intellectualist at Rome. The grammarians have also noticed the fact
that his lyric meters paid more attention to Latin word stress than those
of his predecessors.[6] They cite particularly his care in composing
anapaests with caesuras in such a way that long initial syllables fell
under the ictus. These anapaests in fact read like dactyls with an
anacrusis of two shorts at the beginning. This innovation decidedly
proves that the poet had a precise ear and desired to attain harmonious
effects. His successors showed that they appreciated his innovation,
but they occasionally used the old turbid lines to express emotional
excitement.
The most successful of the writers of tragedy was Accius, a poet who
spanned the era between the Gracchans and the Social War. We have
fragments of more than forty tragedies from his busy pen, and many of his
plays were re-staged in Cicero’s day. He was the favorite of the great
actors, Aesopus and Roscius. He did not depart far from the customs laid
down by Ennius in respect to meters, music, and chorus, but the fact
that he freely readapted the Greek plays which furnished themes to his
predecessors can only mean that he used the same liberty in giving his
own interpretation to old plots that Euripides had used in treating anew
the myths that had been staged by Aeschylus and Sophocles. We happen
to know from the remarks of Terence that convention did not permit the
staging of more than one paraphrase of any given Greek play. When,
therefore, Accius writes plays upon familiar themes we must assume that
he is offering something essentially original in his interpretation of
the old plot. In fact we find good evidence of his original treatment
in the fragments. So, for instance, in his _Antigone_ he changed the
personnel of the chorus (as Ennius had done in the _Iphigenia_), which
implies that the purpose of the play was altered. It is also clear that
Accius made free to disregard the conventional unities of place and time,
for in the _Brutus_ there are scenes laid in Gabii, in Ardea, and in
Rome.
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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