Life histories of North American shore birds, Part 1 (of 2)Bent, Arthur Cleveland
Science
Life histories of North American shore birds, Part 1 (of 2)
Bent, Arthur Cleveland
Birds -- Behavior; Shore birds -- North America
Whalemen always watch these birds while they are wheeling around
high in the air in graceful and rapid circles, for they know that
as soon as they sight a whale blowing they start for him, and from
their elevated position they can, of course, discern one at a much
greater distance than the men in the boat I doubt if it be
altogether the marine animals brought to the surface by the whale
that they are after, for if the whale remains above the surface any
length of time they always settle on his back and hunt parasites.
One specimen was brought me by an Eskimo that he had killed on the
back of an _Orca gladiator_; the esophagus was fairly crammed with
_Laernodipodian crustaceans_, still alive, although the bird had
been killed some hours; they looked to me like _Caprella phasma_
and _Cyamus ceti_. According to the Eskimo who killed it, the birds
were picking something from the whale's back, I have often seen
them dart down among a school of _Delphinapterous leucas_ and
follow them as far as I could see. On one occasion a pair suddenly
alighted astern of my boat and were not 3 feet from me at times;
they followed directly in the wake of the boat, and seemed so
intent on picking up food that they paid no attention whatever to
us. They had probably mistaken the boat for a whale.
In northeastern Greenland, Manniche (1910) saw them hunt flying insects
on land; he also says:
Some 20 analyses of stomachs proved that the phalaropes in the
breeding season chiefly feed on small insects, principally gnats
and larvae of these. The esophagus and stomachs of several birds
killed were filled with larvae of gnats, which in vast multitudes
live in the fresh-water ponds. In a few stomachs I also found fine
indeterminable remnants of plants (Algae?).
W. Leon Dawson (1923) describes their feeding habits at the Farallones,
as follows:
Three red phalaropes, all female I take it, although none of them
in highest plumage, and one northern, also a female, just under
"high," are pasturing at my feet in a brackish pool some 20 feet
long, 10 feet wide, and 2 feet deep. The waters of the pool teem
with a minute reddish crustacean (?) shaped like an ant, less than
a thirty-second of an inch in length and incredibly nimble. The
insects progress by leaps, and are visible only at the moment of
arrival. Yet these birds gobble them up one at a time with unerring
accuracy and with a rapidity which is nothing short of marvelous.
The reds work habitually at the rate of five dabs per second, i.
e., 300 a minute, while the northern, with a longer beak and a much
daintier motion, works only half as fast.
The following observation was made on a California beach by Roland C.
Ross (1922):
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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