Life histories of North American wood warblers, Part 1 (of 2)Bent, Arthur Cleveland
Science
Life histories of North American wood warblers, Part 1 (of 2)
Bent, Arthur Cleveland
Birds -- North America; Passeriformes; Wood warblers
This, the only form of _auduboni_ that breeds in the Huachucas, occurs
during the summer months, though in rather limited numbers, in the
higher pine regions from 8500 feet upwards. On one occasion, April 5,
1903, I secured a male _nigrifrons_ from a flock of _auduboni_ feeding
in some live-oaks near the mouth of one of the canyons at an altitude of
about 4500 feet, but this is the only time that I have seen it below the
altitude given above; and it is also exceptional in the early date of
its arrival. No more were seen until the second week in May, which seems
nearer the usual time of arrival, for in 1902, the first was seen on May
9th. * * * Several specimens were taken intermediate in their
characteristics between _auduboni_ and _nigrifrons_; some, of the size
of the latter, though in color but little darker than _auduboni_, while
some show every gradation of color between the two extremes.
The black-fronted warbler averages somewhat larger than the Audubon's.
_Nesting._--Before this warbler was known to be the breeding form in
Arizona, O. W. Howard (1899) reported on two nests found in the Huachuca
Mountains in 1898, and said that he had found "several nests" of
Audubon's warblers in 1897 and 1898, all in these mountains. These were
all, doubtless, nests of the black-fronted warbler. One of these was in
a red fir tree about 15 feet up, and the other "was placed in the lower
branches of a sugar-pine about fifty feet from the ground, and twelve
feet out from the trunk of the tree. * * * The nests are very loosely
constructed, being composed almost entirely of loose straws with a few
feathers and hair for a lining." One of Howard's nests of this warbler,
with four eggs, is in the Thayer collection in Cambridge. It was found
in the same mountains, at an elevation of about 9,000 feet, saddled on
the limb of a red spruce tree 35 feet above ground and well concealed in
the foliage. It is rather a bulky nest made of shredded weed stems, fine
strips of inner bark, fine rootlets and various other plant fibers,
mixed with feathers of the Arizona jay, three long wing feathers of
small birds and two small owl feathers; it is lined with fine fibers,
horse and cattle hair, and jay feathers. Externally it measures about
3-1/2 inches in diameter and 2-1/2 in height; the inside diameter is
about 2 inches and the cup is about 1-3/4 inches deep.
James Rooney has sent me the data for a set of four eggs of the
black-fronted warbler, taken by Clyde L. Field in the Santa Catalina
Mountains in Arizona, June 2, 1938. The nest, placed 15 feet above
ground at the end of a pine limb, was made of twigs and was lined with
deer hair and a few feathers. A nest with four eggs, in the collection
of Charles E. Doe, in Florida, was taken by the same collector in the
same mountains on June 8, 1937; it was in a crotch of an aspen, 30 feet
up.
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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