BLUE-WINGED WARBLER PLATES 12, 13 HABITS Bagg and Eliot (1937) write: "According to Wilson, this species was discovered by William Bartram, who gave it the descriptive name _Parus aureus alis caeruleis_ (Blue-winged Golden Tit), and sent a specimen to 'Mr. Edwards' by whom it was drawn and etched. Edwards suspected its identity with the Pine Creeper of Catesby: hence its present inappropriate name, _pinus_." As there are other warblers whose wings are more distinctly blue, those of this warbler being only bluish gray, the old familiar name, blue-winged yellow warbler, which stood for many years, seems more appropriate and more truly descriptive. The blue-winged warbler is a bird of the so-called Carolinian Life Zone, with a rather restricted breeding range in the Central States and not quite reaching our northern borders. Its center of abundance in the breeding season seems to be in southern Ohio, Indiana, Illinois, northern Kentucky, northern Missouri, and southern Iowa. Its range extends northeastward to New Jersey, southeastern New York, and southern Connecticut. It is fairly common in the latter State, and I know of one small colony in eastern Rhode Island within a mile or two of the Massachusetts line. North of these points in New England it occurs only as a straggler or casual breeder. In southern New England I have found it in rather open situations, in neglected pastures where there is low shrubbery, brier patches, and bushy thickets around the edges; or in similar growth along the borders of woods, usually on dry uplands; and sometimes in the rank growth of tall grasses and weeds near the borders of swamps or streams. Frank L. Burns wrote to Dr. Chapman (1907) of its haunts in Pennsylvania: "This species is here an inhabitant of the rather open swampy thickets, upland clearings, neglected pastures and fence rows, where the grass and weeds have not been choked out by a too thick growth of briers, bushes, saplings and vines." Dr. Lawrence H. Wilkinshaw tells me that, in southern Michigan, "this species loves deep swampy woods, where the golden-winged warbler and cerulean warbler are found." This is quite different from the haunts in which we find it in the east, though Dr. Chapman (1907) says: "It is not, as a rule, a deep woods warbler, though I have found it nesting in heavy forest, but prefers rather, bordering second growths, with weedy openings, from which it may follow lines or patches of trees to haunts some distance from the woods."