Life histories of North American woodpeckersBent, Arthur Cleveland
Science
Life histories of North American woodpeckers
Bent, Arthur Cleveland
Birds -- North America; Woodpeckers -- North America
Mr. Dawson’s (1923) remarks on the nesting of this woodpecker are
rather cryptic, but I infer from them that it nests in willows, alders,
elders, cottonwoods, sycamores, live oaks, and other oaks and at
heights varying from 2½ to 60 feet above ground. The only nest of this
species that I have seen was shown to me by A. M. Ingersoll, while
collecting with him and James B. Dixon, in San Diego County, Calif.,
on April 9, 1929; the nest, which the birds had not quite finished
excavating, was about 30 feet from the ground in a leaning, dead
cottonwood tree (pl. 11). A set of four eggs in my collection was taken
by Henry W. Carriger, on April 23, 1897, in Sonoma County, Calif.; the
nest was in a dead limb of a large laurel along a creek; he had taken a
set of six eggs from the same tree the previous year.
_Eggs._--Nuttall’s woodpecker lays three to six eggs, most commonly
four and often five. These are ovate, or rarely short-ovate or
elliptical-ovate. The color is dull creamy white or pure white, and
sometimes rather glossy. The measurements of 47 eggs average 21.75 by
16.27 millimeters; the eggs showing the four extremes measure =25.0= by
16.0, 23.3 by =17.0=, =19.30= by 15.75, and 19.7 by =14.6= millimeters.
_Young._--The period of incubation is said to be about 14 days, and to
be shared by both sexes. Mr. Dawson (1923) says:
The male Nuttall not only takes a lively interest in all
matters connected with the nesting, but it is believed
that he monopolizes the task of excavation. Certainly he
takes his turn at incubating, and he is invariably, in
my experience, the more valiant of the two in defense of
young. The female, however, is probably the closer sitter,
as there are several instances in which she has submitted
to the hand rather than forsake her trust. * * * When
the chicks are astir the father is fairly beside himself
with joy and apprehension. In fact, if you ever require
a symbol of doting solicitude, picture a male Nuttall
woodpecker thrusting his head into a dark hole to make
sure that nothing has spilled out of it since his last
inspection--which occurred exactly three seconds ago.
_Plumages._--The young are hatched naked, as with other woodpeckers,
but the juvenal plumage is acquired before the young leave the nest.
The young male, in juvenal plumage, has the forehead, occiput, and nape
uniform dull black, leaving only the crown scarlet, spotted or speckled
with white dots; the black bars on the back are dull black and the
white bars are grayish white, instead of clear black and pure white,
as in the adult; these bars are also less clearly defined than in the
adult; the under parts are yellowish white, spotted on the sides and
flanks less distinctly than in the adult, and with pale dusky, instead
of clear black; the wings and tail are as in the adult.
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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