The range as above outlined covers the entire species, which has been separated into four subspecies or geographic races. The typical form, known as the yellow-bellied sapsucker (_S. v. varius_), is found during the breeding season over all the northern parts of the range east of Alaska and south to Missouri and the mountains of western Virginia. In winter it is found south to Central America and the West Indies. The red-naped sapsucker (_S. v. nuchalis_) is found chiefly in the Rocky Mountain region from central British Columbia south (in winter) to Baja California and central Mexico. The northern red-breasted sapsucker (_S. v. ruber_) breeds from southeastern Alaska south through the mountains to western Oregon and in winter to central California. The southern red-breasted sapsucker (_S. v. daggetti_) is confined to the mountains of California and northern Baja California. _Spring migration._--Early dates of spring arrival are: Quebec-- Montreal, March 25; Westmount, March 30. New Brunswick--Scotch Lake, April 12; St. John, April 22. Nova Scotia--Wolfville, April 30. Northern Michigan--Blaney, April 2; Sault Ste. Marie, April 10; Houghton, April 24. Minnesota--Elk River, March 26; Minneapolis, March 29. Nebraska--Omaha, April 14. South Dakota--Faulkton, April 15. North Dakota--Fargo, April 15. Manitoba--Aweme, March 31; Margaret, April 17. Saskatchewan--Indian Head, April 4. Colorado--Estes Park, April 27. Wyoming--Yellowstone Park, May 12. Montana--Columbia Falls, April 13. Alberta--Stony Plain, April 1; Edmonton, May 2. Mackenzie--Fort Simpson, May 11. Alaska--Chilkat River, April 12; Admiralty Island, April 17; Forrester Island, May 6. _Fall migration._--Late dates of fall departure are: Alberta--Glenevis, September 24. Montana--Fortine, September 20; Kalispell, October 1. Wyoming--Yellowstone Park, October 2. Colorado--De Beque, October 1; Denver, October 8; Walden, October 16. Saskatchewan--Indian Head, September 25. Manitoba--Shoal Lake, September 30; Treesbank, October 14; Margaret, October 24. North Dakota--Rice Lake, October 1; Fargo, October 2. South Dakota--Yankton, October 5; Faulkton, October 20. Nebraska--Monroe Canyon, Sioux County, October 4. Minnesota--Elk River, October 15; Lanesboro, October 19. Northern Michigan--Blaney, October 1; Houghton, October 2; Sault Ste. Marie, October 22. Nova Scotia--Sable Island, October 9. New Brunswick--Scotch Lake, November 4. Quebec--Montreal, October 1; Quebec City, October 2. _Casual records._--According to Reid (1884) several specimens of this species were taken in Bermuda during the period 1847-1850 when it bred in that area. He also noted it in 1875. A specimen was found dead at Julianshaab, Greenland, in July 1845; another was obtained in that general region about 1858; and an adult female was collected at Loup Bay, Labrador, on May 5, 1899.