Life histories of North American woodpeckersBent, Arthur Cleveland
Science
Life histories of North American woodpeckers
Bent, Arthur Cleveland
Birds -- North America; Woodpeckers -- North America
Certainly the ivorybills did not do enough digging while
we were watching them to uncover any additional borers, so
they may have been picking up such termites as appeared in
the gash. The birds, while we watched them in Louisiana,
divided their time between dead branches of live trees and
completely dead trees, but more time was spent knocking off
the bark for whatever could be found immediately beneath
it than was spent digging deeply for borers. The forest
was made up primarily of oak, gum and hackberry, and the
woodpeckers showed no preference for species so far as we
could determine. In Florida, while the nest was located
in a cypress swamp in a live cypress tree, the birds
apparently did most of their feeding in the dead pines
at the edge of the swamp, scaling off the bark of those
small and medium-sized pines that had been killed by fire,
or actually getting down on the ground like Flickers, as
already described.
The ivorybills are, therefore, apparently somewhat adaptable in their
food and feeding habits, but forests of mature trees with their dying
branches seem to give them the best habitat for securing their food.
The fruits of these trees may likewise add considerably to their
attractiveness. The only definite stomach analyses published are of two
birds examined by the United States Biological Survey, and reported
upon by Beal (1911): “One stomach contained 32 and the other 20 of
the wood-boring cerambycid larvae, which live by boring into trees.
These constituted 37.5 per cent of the whole food. The remainder of
the animal food consisted of engraver beetles (_Scolytidae_) found
in one stomach. Of these, three species were identified--_Tomicus
avulsus_, _T. calligraphus_, and _T. grandicollis_. The total animal
food amounted to 38.5 per cent. The vegetable food consisted of fruit
of _Magnolia foetida_ in one stomach, and of pecan nuts in the other.
The average for the two was 61.5 percent.”
The ivory-billed woodpecker is represented in the Biological Survey’s
collection by the stomachs of three birds. Two of these were males
collected on November 26, 1904, at Tarkington, Tex., by Vernon Bailey,
and the third was shot at Bowling Green, West Carroll Parish, La., on
August 19, 1903, by E. L. Moseley.
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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