Life History and Ecology of the Five-Lined Skink, Eumeces fasciatusFitch, Henry S. (Henry Sheldon)
Science
Life History and Ecology of the Five-Lined Skink, Eumeces fasciatus
Fitch, Henry S. (Henry Sheldon)
Eumeces fasciatus
D. Osteoderm of a juvenile obtained in April, from near midline of
back, × 25.
E. Tongue from dorsal view, shown in its normal position in the
lower jaw, × 2-1/2.]
The tail in young individuals is bright blue. In _Eumeces_ the tail
characteristically has a color different from that of the body, and is
usually more conspicuous; in many species it is blue, but in others it
may be purple, greenish-blue, red, pink, or orange. Hatchlings have the
most brightly colored tails, and as growth proceeds the colors gradually
become duller. In _E. fasciatus_ the bright colors of the tail are
mostly or entirely lost in old adults, especially in males, and in
individuals of either sex that have lost their original tails and
regenerated new tails. Young which lose their tails and regenerate them
at an early age have the regenerated portions colored almost as brightly
as the originals at first.
The skin is tight fitting and relatively thick, stiffened by a bony
armor. A small bony plate or osteoderm underlies each scale. Oliver
(1951:127) has called attention to the pattern of ornamentation on the
osteoderms, which becomes more complex with advancing age. He has
suggested the possibility that age might be accurately determined on the
basis of extent of osteodermal ornamentation. I have compared
osteodermal ornamentation in marked individuals of known age, but have
found it to be of limited applicability as a method of age
determination; size and pattern are probably more satisfactory bases for
estimating age, even though they do not permit definite aging of old
adults and are not infallible for skinks short of adult size. In adult
_E. fasciatus_ the pattern of ornamentation is closely similar to that
figured for _E. laticeps_ by Oliver (op. cit.) and also resembles the
pattern shown for an Old World skink, _Mabuya multifasciata_, as figured
by Smith (1935: 2). The pattern differs somewhat in osteoderms on
different parts of the body, and is most nearly symmetrical in those
near the midline on either dorsal or ventral surface (Figure 3).
Relationships
_Eumeces_ is a widespread genus occurring in the New World in southern
Canada and southward into Costa Rica. The greatest number of forms is in
Mexico. In the Old World numerous species occur in southeastern Asia and
on adjacent islands, and other species occur westward across southern
Asia, and across North Africa to Morocco, with a major break in the
continuity of distribution in the Himalayan region. Taylor in his
revision recognized 57 forms with fifty full species, belonging to 15
major groups within the genus. Since then only relatively minor changes
in classification have been proposed. Several new species and subspecies
have been named, and several species have been relegated to the status
of subspecies.
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