Some of the men engaged in the construction of the Minster were not York men. The men employed there were by exception under ecclesiastical control. They were not governed by any of the city trade guilds. The master-mason was in charge of the whole of the building operations. A list of trades in the city will suggest the kinds of business there were. Some of the names will go far to explain some modern surnames. _Wool Trades_:-- Mercers. Tapiters and couchers (makers of tapestry, hangings, carpets, and coverlets). Fullers. Cardmakers. Littesters (dyers, listers). Shermen (shearmen). Sledmen. Dyers. Weavers of woollen. _Leather Trades_:-- Barkers (tanners). Curriers. _Building Trades_:-- Carpenters, wrights and joiners. Plasterers. Tilers. Ironmongers. Painters. Glaziers. _Food Trades_:-- Spicers (grocers--_Cf._ French _épicier_). Cooks and waterleaders. Baxters (bakers). Vintners and taverners. Bouchers (butchers). Pulters (poultry-dealers). Wine-drawers (carters of wine). Sauce-makers.[4] _Outfitting Trades_:-- Tailors. Skinners (vestment makers). Glovers. Hosiers. Hatmakers. Capmakers. Cordwainers (cobblers). Saddlers. Girdlers and nailers. Spuriers and lorimers (makers of spurs, bits for bridles, etc.). _Armour Trades_:-- Armourers. Smiths. Bowers and flecchers (fletchers)--(makers of bows and arrows. _Cf._ French _flèche_). _Household Trades_:-- Coopers. Pewterers and founders. Chaundlers (makers of candles and wax images). Potters. Culters. Bucklemakers, sheathers, bladesmiths. Drapers. Linenweavers. _Miscellaneous Trades_:-- Goldsmiths. Latoners (workers in the metal called latten). Barber-surgeons (the mediæval medical practitioners). Parchemeners and bookbinders. Scriveners. Writers of texts. Ostlers (inn-holders). Shipwrights. Fishers and mariners. Artist craftsmen of York supplied most of the churches of the north of England with their beautiful vessels, furniture, and ornaments. In the workshops of the city, the metropolis of the north, there were worked and made embroidered vestments of all kinds, engraved chalices and vessels of silver and of gold, and carved work, including statues and images in stone, wood, and wax. Bells were cast with beautiful lettering. Brasses for grave-slabs were made bearing finely designed effigies. Marketing, _i.e._ trading, was done mostly at the frequent and regular markets and at the fairs. The right to hold a market or a fair was among the rights obtained by means of royal charters. While markets were held once or several times a week or every day, fairs took place more rarely and at some of the most important and popular holiday seasons of the year, like Whitsuntide. Fairs attracted a much larger public than the markets.