The Coast Line--The Rivers--The Bays--Gaya Bay--Abai--Character of Interior Country--Plains--Hills--Kina Balu--First Ascent by Mr. Low--Description of Summit--The Peaks--The Northern Ranges--Steep Granite Slopes--The Spurs--The Main Spur--Interior Country--Distant Mountains--Plain--Villages--The Lake--Vegetation on Kina Balu--The Rivers--The Ananam--The Kabatuan--The Mengkabong--The Tawaran--The Abai--The Tampasuk--Its Interior--Political Geography--Inhabitants--The Lanuns--The Bajus--Mahomedans--Appearance--Their Women--Their Houses--Love of Cockfighting--Fine Breed of Fowls--Other Inhabitants--The Ida’an--Their Houses--Their Women--Tattooing--Comfortable House--Method of Government--No Wars--Aborigines Honest--Exceptions--Agriculture--Ploughing--Remnant of Chinese Civilization--Tobacco--Cotton--Good Soil--Amount of Population--Numerous and Extensive Villages--The Tampasuk--The Tawaran--Mengkabong--Other Districts--Enumeration--Manufactures--Lanun Cloths--Trade--Difficult Travelling--Languages--Geology--Sandstone--Greenstone--Climate of Kina Balu temperate--Map--Addition--Maludu Bay--Western Point--Western Shore--Mountains--Head of Bay--Population--Accounts compared--Bengkoka--Minerals--Eastern Point--Banguey--Difficult Navigation--Small Rivers and Bays--Paitan--Sugut--Low Coast--Labuk Bay--High Land--Benggaya--Labuk--Sandakan--Story of the Atas Man--Kina Batangan--Cape Unsang--Tungku--Population--The Ida’an--The Mahomedans 356 LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS. I. Kina Balu from the Lower Tampasuk _Frontispiece_ II. The Sea Dayaks _To face page_ 5 III. City of Brunei. Sunset „ 89 IV. The Land Dayaks „ 125 V. View from near the Rajah’s Cottage „ 156 VI. Nepenthes Rajah „ 317 VII. Kina Balu from the Pinokok Valley „ 318 VIII. Nepenthes Edwardsiana „ 327 IX. Nepenthes Lowii „ 336 X. Nepenthes Villosa „ 337 MAPS. I. Map of North-West Coast of Borneo _To face page_ 1 II. Map of Districts near Kina Balu „ 230 ERRATA. Page 317, line 9, _for_ “four,” _read_ “fourteen.” „ „ 17, _for_ “was,” _read_ “that of the others is.” [Illustration: _London. Day & Son, Lith^{rs}. to the Queen_] LIFE IN THE FORESTS OF THE FAR EAST. INTRODUCTION.