Life Movements in Plants, Volume IBose, Jagadis Chandra
Science
Life Movements in Plants, Volume I
Bose, Jagadis Chandra
Growth (Plants); Plants -- Irritability and movements
I have in the present Paper shown that a parallel series of reactions
is seen in the response of growing organs. In vigorously growing
specimens the action of stimulus is _negative_, i.e., incipient
contraction, diminution of turgor, and retardation of the rate of
growth. But in sub-tonic specimens, with enfeebled rate of growth, the
effect of stimulus is _positive_, i.e., by expansion, enhancement of
turgor, and acceleration of the rate of growth. Continuous stimulation
also raises the sub-tonic growing tissue to a condition at par,
converting the response from abnormal positive to normal negative.
It was also explained that every stimulus gave rise to dual reactions,
positive and negative, and that in a highly excitable tissue the
positive is masked by the predominant negative. The positive, or
A-effect, is generally described as a “building up” process. By
choosing a sub-tonic specimen, I have been able to unmask the positive,
A. In the case of sub-tonic growing organs the positive, A, is
literally a building up process, giving rise to an acceleration of
growth.
From these facts and others given previously it will be seen that
the abnormal response of acceleration of growth under stimulus is by
no means accidental or fortuitous but is a definite expression of an
universal reaction, characteristically exhibited by all tissues in a
condition of sub-tonicity.
CONTINUITY BETWEEN ABNORMAL AND NORMAL RESPONSES.
A given plant-tissue may exist in widely different conditions of
tonicity. Let us take two extreme conditions, the optimum and the
minimum. The tonic level will be at its lowest at the minimum,
where growth will be at a standstill. The range between the optimum
and minimum will be very extended; hence strong and long continued
stimulation will be necessary to raise the tissue from the tonic
minimum to the optimum level. There are innumerable grades of
tonicity between the optimum and minimum. Within this wide range
the characteristic response will be the abnormal positive. As we
approach the optimum, the range for positive response will become
circumscribed, and the intensity and duration of stimulus necessary to
convert the positive to negative will be feebler and shorter. It will
be very seldom that a plant is likely to be found at the optimum. Hence
plants in general may be expected to give a feeble positive response
under sub-minimal stimulus.
These considerations led me to look for the positive response under
sub-minimal stimulation; the tracings which I have obtained with
my highly sensitive Crescograph and other recorders show that my
anticipations have been justified.
[Illustration: FIG. 83.--Acceleration of growth under sub-minimal light
stimulus. Record on moving plate; stimulus applied at 5th dot, and
subsequent erection of curve exhibits acceleration of growth. Last part
of curve shows recovery of normal growth on cessation of stimulus.]
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