CHAP. III.--The Alps--Feelings and Views of Buonaparte on being appointed to the Command of the Army of Italy--General Account of his new Principles of Warfare--Mountainous Countries peculiarly favourable to them--Retrospect of Military Proceedings since October, 1795--Hostility of the French Government to the Pope--Massacre of the French Envoy, Basseville, at Rome--Austrian Army under Beaulieu--Napoleon's Plan for entering Italy--Battle of Montenotte, and Buonaparte's first Victory--Again defeats the Austrians at Millesimo--and again under Colli--Takes possession of Cherasco--King of Sardinia requests an Armistice, which leads to a Peace, concluded on very severe Terms--Close of the Piedmontese Campaign--Napoleon's Character at this period, 43 CHAP. IV.--Farther Progress of the French Army under Buonaparte--He crosses the Po, at Placenza, on 7th May--Battle of Lodi takes place on the 10th, in which the French are victorious--Remarks on Napoleon's Tactics in this celebrated Action--French take possession of Cremona and Pizzighitone--Milan deserted by the Archduke Ferdinand and his Duchess--Buonaparte enters Milan on the 15th May--General situation of the Italian States at this period--Napoleon inflicts fines upon the Neutral and unoffending States of Parma and Modena, and extorts the surrender of some of their finest Pictures--Remarks upon this novel Procedure, 59 CHAP. V.--Directory proposes to divide the Army of Italy betwixt Buonaparte and Kellermann--Buonaparte resigns, and the Directory give up the point--Insurrection against the French at Pavia--Crushed--and the Leaders shot--Also at the Imperial Fiefs, and Lugo, quelled and punished in the same way--Reflections--Austrians defeated at Borghetto, and Retreat behind the Adige--Buonaparte narrowly escapes being made Prisoner at Valeggio--Mantua blockaded--Verona occupied by the French--King of Naples secedes from Austria--Armistice purchased by the Pope--The Neutrality of Tuscany violated, and Leghorn occupied by the French troops--Views of Buonaparte respecting the Revolutionizing of Italy--He temporizes--Conduct of the Austrian Government at this Crisis--Beaulieu displaced, and succeeded by Wurmser--Buonaparte sits down before Mantua, 79