The successful completion of the Mont Cenis Tunnel in 1871 was mainly due to an ingenious application of combined mechanical force to boring tools, before limited to man's strength; but the applied principle existed sixty years ago, and though not so perfect in detail, yet more comprehensive. Trevithick's high-pressure steam boring engine enabled him to penetrate the rock five times as fast as the quarryman's power. Ten holes, 2-1/2 inches in diameter, 4 feet deep, could be bored in an hour, and he sagaciously suggested that in quarrying the limestone for the breakwater, a row of holes should be bored by his engine 4 feet in from the face of the rock, 2-1/2 inches in diameter, 4 feet deep, and 12 inches apart; and by dropping into each hole two half-round pieces of iron, to be driven asunder by a steel wedge, large blocks would be forced off without the use of gunpowder. The high-pressure steam-puffer having bored the stone, moved itself toward the broken mass, lifted it into waggons, and again changing its powers from steam-crane to steam-locomotive, conveyed it to the port, and lifted it into the ship's hold. The whole operation was thus aptly described by the inventor, who then counted on contracting for the breakwater work:--"Steam machinery will accomplish more than nine-tenths of all the work, besides saving the expense of all the gunpowder." [Rough draft.] "MR. ROBERT FOX, Jun., "CAMBORNE, _February 4th, 1813_. "Sir,--Since I was with you at Falmouth I have made a trial of boring limestone, and find that the men will bore a hole 1-1/2 inch in diameter 1 inch deep in every minute, with a weight of 500 lbs. on the bit. I had no lump more than 12 inches deep; but to that depth I found that having a flat stem to the bit of the same width as the diameter of the hole, twisted like a screw, completely discharged the powdered limestone from the bottom of the hole without the least inconvenience.