This high-pressure puffer pumping engine at Greenwich, in 1803,
worked a pump of 18 inches in diameter. The engine boy having fixed
the safety-valve while he fished for eels, caused an explosion of
the boiler. This was the first mishap from the use of high-pressure
steam. The boiler was globular, 6 feet in diameter, and from an inch
to an inch and half in thickness, made of cast iron; the cylinder, of
8 inches in diameter, was partly let into and fixed on the boiler.
Its general design is seen in the patent drawing of 1802, Fig.
1.[62] Trevithick determined in future to use two safety-valves, and
also a safety steam-gauge. At that time one of his high-pressure
puffer-engines, with a cylindrical boiler and internal tube, was
working in Staffordshire.
[Footnote 62: See vol. i., p. 128.]
The Greenwich high-pressure puffer-engine did fourteen millions of
duty with a bushel of coals, 84 lbs. A 60-horse-power engine was being
built in Wales, with an 8-feet stroke, to work expansively with 30 lbs.
of steam on the inch in the boiler. For a more thorough test with the
low-pressure vacuum engines, in competition, the Government intended to
use the new engines, and some of Watt's engines having been removed to
make room for them, Boulton and Watt wrote to a gentleman who was about
to order an engine from Trevithick, "We knew the effects of strong
steam long since, and should have erected them, but knew the risk was
too great." Moreover, "it was an invention of Mr. Watt's, and the
patent (Trevithick's) was not worth anything." This admission clearly
shows not only that Watt did not make high-pressure steam-engines, but
that he did his best to prevent others from making them.
"MR. GIDDY, "PENYDARRAN, CARDIFF, _January 5th, 1804_.
"Sir,--I received yours a few days since, and should have answered
it sooner, but I was at Swansea for the last four weeks, and wished
to return here to give you as full an account of our proceedings as
possible.
"We have had an 8-inch cylinder at work here by way of trial; it
worked exceedingly well a hammer of the same size as is now being
worked here by an atmospheric engine 28 inches diameter, 5-feet
stroke, which does not master its work with greater ease than the
8-inch cylinder. The 8-inch is now removed to Swansea, and is winding
coals; the baskets hold 6 cwt. of coal; it lifts 80 yards in a minute
and a quarter, and burns 6 cwt. of coal in twenty-four hours. There
were twelve horses on this pit before, lifting 80 tons of coal in the
course of the twenty-four hours. You may fairly state that the 8-inch
cylinder does between thirty and forty horses' work in twenty-four
hours, with 6 cwt. of coal.
"One of Boulton and Watt's 18-inch double engine, about half a mile
from it, lifting baskets of the same size, and with the same velocity,
burns above three times the quantity of coal.
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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