We should never have done if we were to relate all the incidents of this kind,[25] for the sentiment of nature was innate with him; it was a perpetual communion which made him love the whole creation.[26] He is ravished with the witchery of great forests; he has the terrors of a child when he is alone at prayer in a deserted chapel, but he tastes ineffable joy merely in inhaling the perfume of a flower, or gazing into the limpid water of a brook.[27] This perfect lover of poverty permitted one luxury--he even commanded it at Portiuncula--that of flowers; the Brother was bidden not to sow vegetables and useful plants only; he must reserve one corner of good ground for our sisters, the flowers of the fields. Francis talked with them also, or rather he replied to them, for their mysterious and gentle language crept into the very depth of his heart.[28] The thirteenth century was prepared to understand the voice of the Umbrian poet; the sermon to the birds[29] closed the reign of Byzantine art and of the thought of which it was the image. It is the end of dogmatism and authority; it is the coming in of individualism and inspiration; very uncertain, no doubt, and to be followed by obstinate reactions, but none the less marking a date in the history of the human conscience.[30] Many among the companions of Francis were too much the children of their century, too thoroughly imbued with its theological and metaphysical methods, to quite understand a sentiment so simple and profound.[31] But each in his degree felt its charm. Here Thomas of Celano's language rises to an elevation which we find in no other part of his works, closing with a picture of Francis which makes one think of the Song of Songs.[32] Of more than middle height, Francis had a delicate and kindly face, black eyes, a soft and sonorous voice. There was in his whole person a delicacy and grace which made him infinitely lovely. All these characteristics are found in the most ancient portraits.[33] FOOTNOTES: [1] 3 Soc., 57; cf. _An. Perus._, A. SS., p. 599. [2] Rev. xxi.; 1 Cel., 46; 3 Soc., 57-59; _An. Perus._, A. SS., p. 600. [3] 1 Cel., 55 and 56; Bon., 129-132. [4] _Fior._, 7; _Spec._, 96; _Conform._, 223a, 2. The fact of Francis's sojourn on an island in this lake is made certain by 1 Cel., 60. [5] Vide below, p. 400. Cf. A. SS., pp. 823 f. [6] At present Sasso-Feltrio, between Conca and Marecchio, south of and about two hours' walk from San Marino. [7] The happiness that I expect is so great that all pain is joyful to me. All the documents give Francis's text in Italian, which is enough to prove that it was the language not only of his poems but also of his sermons. _Spec._ 92a ff. _Conform._ 113a, 2; 231a, 1; _Fior., Prima consid._ [8] See p. 400. [9] 2 Cel., 3, 85; Bon., 82. [10] 1 Cel., 56; Bon., 132.