Castle, of St. Aliquis, original plan of, 16. primitive tower of, 17; disadvantages of early type, 18. rebuilt on improved model, 19. palisade before, 20. barbican outer barrier, 21. lists before bailey, 21. bailey, gates and porters, 22. walls and parapet, 23. great difficulty of attacking, 24. scene in the bailey, 26. buildings in the bailey, 26, 27. cookhouse in bailey, 28. inner ward of, 28. inner gate, 29. main court yard of, 29. donjon of, 30. halls of, 30 ff. prison under donjon, 33. summit of great tower, 33. watchman on tower, 34. palais, main residential building, 34, 35. furniture in hall and chambers, 36 ff. Castle building, era of, 6. Castle folk, one huge family, 46. intimate relations between, 47, 48. organization of, 48. "Cat," siege engine, 237. Cats, 84. Cathedral, numerous uses of, 393. express the best spirit of the age, 394. erection a regional undertaking, 396. initial stages of building, 397. fraternity of builders, 398. building a natural growth, 399. use of arches, columns and buttresses, 400. stately dimensions required, 401. magnificent stained glass, 402. every part a work of piety, 403. Chambers, of baronial castle, 36. Chansons de geste, 138 ff., 142. Charity, 275 ff. motives for, 276. alms very customary, 277. given by monasteries, 333. Charter, communal, 352, 353. Checkers, game of, 52. Cheese, varieties of, 119. Chess, in great acceptance, 54. history of game, 55. chessmen, 56. Children, rearing of, 80 ff. early education of, 82. Christmas celebrations and plays, 294. Church, endeavors to regulate marriages, 101, 102. resists divorces, 102. vast wealth of, 374 nt. See Bishop, Abbey, Monastery, Canons, Priests, etc. City, entrance to, 346. crowded streets, 347. lack of air and sanitation, 348. population of, 347 nt. great burghers of, 349. burgher mansion, 349. danger from fires, 350. the civic donjons, 351. communal charger, 352. See Commune. Cleanliness, personal, among upper classes, 42. lack of, in woolen clothing, 89. Clergy, legal privileges of, 159, 375. see Bishop, Canons, Priests, Monks. Clerk, see clergy, Church, etc. Cloisters, of abbey, 317. Clothing, of peasants, 264. Coinage, confusion in, 366. Commerce, see Shops, Industries, Fairs. Commune, charter of, 352, 353. privileges of inhabitants, 353. clergy rail at Commune, 354. communal insurrections, 354. jurisdiction of bishop, 355. rule by echevins and rich merchants, 355, 356. Corvées, 258. Courtesy, training in, 184. Cowls, 320.