LIFE'S BASIS AND LIFE'S IDEAL BY THE SAME AUTHOR THE MEANING AND VALUE OF LIFE Translated by W. R. BOYCE GIBSON Crown 8vo, cloth, price 3s. 6d. net. * * * * * And by W. R. BOYCE GIBSON RUDOLF EUCKEN'S PHILOSOPHY OF LIFE Second Edition, crown 8vo, cloth, price 3s. 6d. net. * * * * * A. AND C. BLACK, 4 SOHO SQUARE, LONDON, W. AGENTS: AMERICA THE MACMILLAN COMPANY 64 & 66 FIFTH AVENUE, NEW YORK AUSTRALASIA OXFORD UNIVERSITY PRESS 205 FLINDERS LANE, MELBOURNE CANADA THE MACMILLAN COMPANY OF CANADA, LTD. ST. MARTIN'S HOUSE, 70 BOND STREET, TORONTO INDIA MACMILLAN & COMPANY, LTD. MACMILLAN BUILDING, BOMBAY 309 BOW BAZAAR STREET, CALCUTTA LIFE'S BASIS AND LIFE'S IDEAL THE FUNDAMENTALS OF A NEW PHILOSOPHY OF LIFE BY RUDOLF EUCKEN PROFESSOR OF PHILOSOPHY IN THE UNIVERSITY OF JENA TRANSLATED, WITH INTRODUCTORY NOTE BY ALBAN G. WIDGERY FORMERLY SCHOLAR OF ST. CATHARINE'S COLLEGE, AND BURNEY STUDENT, CAMBRIDGE, AND MEMBER OF THE UNIVERSITY OF JENA [Illustration] LONDON ADAM AND CHARLES BLACK 1912 _First published December 1911_ _Second and Revised Edition, February 1912_ CONTENTS PAGE TRANSLATOR'S INTRODUCTORY NOTE vii AUTHOR'S PREFACE xxi I. INTRODUCTORY: THE PHILOSOPHIES OF LIFE IN THE PRESENT DAY 1 PRELIMINARY REMARKS 3 I. STATEMENT AND CRITICISM OF INDIVIDUAL SYSTEMS OF LIFE 6 (a) The Older Systems 6 1. The Religious System 6 2. The System of Immanent Idealism 15 (b) The Newer Systems 22 1. The Naturalistic System 24 2. The Socialistic System 41 3. The System of Æsthetic Individualism 61 II. Consideration of the Situation as a Whole, and Preliminaries for Further Investigation 81 (a) The Nature of the New as a Whole and its Relation to the Old 81 (b) The Condition of the Present 86 (c) The Form of the Problem 92 II. THE OUTLINE OF A NEW PHILOSOPHY OF LIFE 99 INTRODUCTORY REMARKS AND CONSIDERATIONS 101