Life's Dawn on Earth: Being the history of the oldest known fossil remains, and their relations to geological time and to the development of the animal kingdomDawson, John William, Sir
History
Life's Dawn on Earth: Being the history of the oldest known fossil remains, and their relations to geological time and to the development of the animal kingdom
Dawson, John William, Sir
Life -- Origin; Paleontology -- Precambrian
The unsettled condition of the classification of the Protozoa, and our
absolute ignorance of the animal matter of Eozoon, render it difficult
to make any statement on this subject more definite than the somewhat
vague intimations given in the text. My own views at present, based on
the study of recent and fossil forms, and of the writings of Carpenter,
Max Schultze, Carter, Wallich, Haeckel, and Clarepede, may be stated,
though with some diffidence, as follows:--
I. The class _Rhizopoda_ includes all the sarcodous animals whose only
external organs are pseudopodia, and is the lowest class in the animal
kingdom. Immediately above it are the classes of the Sponges and of the
flagellate and ciliate Infusoria, which rise from it like two diverging
branches.
II. The group of Rhizopods, as thus defined, includes three leading
_orders_, which, in descending grade, are as follows:--
(_a_) _Lobosa_, or Amœboid Rhizopods, including those with
distinct nucleus and pulsating vesicle, and thick lobulate
pseudopodia--naked, or in membranous coverings.
(_b_) _Radiolaria_, or Polycistius and their allies, including
those with thread-like pseudopodia, with or without a
nucleus, and with the skeleton, when present, silicious.
(_c_) _Reticularia_, or Foraminifera and their allies, including
those with thread-like and reticulating pseudopodia, with
granular matter instead of a nucleus, and with calcareous,
membranous, or arenaceous skeletons.
The place of _Eozoon_ will be in the lowest order, _Reticularia_.
III. The order _Reticularia_ may be farther divided into two
_sub-orders_, as follows:--
(_a_) _Perforata_--having calcareous skeletons penetrated with
pores.
(_b_) _Imperforata_--having calcareous, membranous, or arenaceous
skeletons, without pores.
The place of Eozoon will be in the higher sub-order, _Perforata_.
IV. The sub-order _Perforata_ includes three _families_--the
_Nummulinidæ_, _Globigerinidæ_, and _Lagemdæ_. Of these Carpenter
regards the Nummulinidæ as the highest in rank.
The place of Eozoon will be in the family _Nummulinidæ_, or between
this and the next family. This oldest known Protozoon would thus belong
to the highest family in the highest sub-order of the lowest class of
animals.
THE LATE SIR WILLIAM E. LOGAN.
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