Illuminating apparatus, the, of lighthouses, treated in detail, 68-95. Inchkeith, isle of, lighthouse on, 145. Intermittent light, the, of the catoptric system, how distinguished, 75, 76. Ireland, the coast of, lights on, enumerated, 201-204. Isaiah, the prophet, his reference to beacons, 12. Josephus, the historian, his account of the pharos at Alexandria, 21. La Hève, the two lighthouses of, electric and lenticular apparatus at, 81, 82. Lamps as a means of lighthouse illumination, 69, 70; the various kinds employed in modern lighthouses, 79-81. Landmarks, early historical instances of, 264, 265; the Pillars of Hercules, 265, 266; Pompey’s Pillar, 266, 269, 270. Land’s End, the, described, 193, 194. Leon of Ostia, cited, 20. Lesches, pharos erected by, 12, 13. Light, the electric, as a means of lighthouse illumination, 81-84. Light, the refraction of, 84. Lighthouse commission of France, buildings of, referred to, 61. Lighthouse illumination, history of, sketched, 69-71. Lighthouse, an iron, described, 204-206; on piles, 207. Lighthouse keeper, the, his duties detailed, 276-279; in France, 285-288. Lighthouses, early history of, 9-43; how administered, 49-61; their geographical distribution, 62-67; the illuminating apparatus of, 68-94; the skill required in their construction, 95; the conditions of their erection, 96; number of men required for, 97, 98, 102; their capability of resistance to wind and wave, 98; internal arrangements of, 99-102; duties of their keepers, 102-104; of Great Britain, 108-211; of France, 212-252; the auxiliaries of, 256-275; life in, described, 276-288. Lights, variety of, 62, 63, 67; sea, 63; secondary, 64; harbour, 65; the leading five, 65, 66; their recent introduction, 66; danger of a too great multiplicity, 66, 67; a list of, 289-311. Lightships, first instituted by Avery and Hamblin, 254, 255; described, 255-257; how managed, 257, 258; British and Irish, 258; of the United States, 259; their crews, 259-261; life on board, 261-263; a night on board a lightship, 312-314. Lizard lights, the, referred to, 130. Lizard Point, lighthouses on, described, 197-199. Longfellow, the poet, his piece on the lighthouse quoted, 279, 280. Louis XIV. of France, anecdote of, 115, 116. Lovet, Captain, his lease of the Eddystone rock, 113. Lowestoff, the lighthouse at, 108. Lucan, the Roman poet, his reference to the pharos of Alexandria, 22. Mahogany, the, of Honduras, 144. Maplin Sands lighthouse described, 206, 207. Marstrand, Sweden, revolving apparatus for illumination at, 71. Martineau, Miss, quoted, 269, 270. May, isle of, the light on, 140. Messina, pharos at the mole of, 13. Michelet, M. Jules, on the Gulf of Gascony, 212; on Cordouan and its lighthouse, 218-221.