“Moderator” lamp, the, described, 80. Montfaucon on Roman light-towers, 14, 15; on the pharos at Alexandria, 17, 18, 26-29; on the etymology of the word “pharos,” 18, 19. Morlent, author of “Monographie du Havre,” his description of Sainte-Adresse, 225. Needles Down, the, Isle of Wight, old lighthouse on, 97. Needles Point, Isle of Wight, lighthouse on, erection recorded, 97, 189; described, 189-191. New Caledonia, the lighthouse at described, 250, 251; inauguration of, 252. Nore, the, lightship at, mentioned, 132. Northern Lights, the commission of, its composition, 54, 55. North Foreland, the, lighthouse at, 201. Oil, the, employed in lighthouses of Great Britain and France, 81. Ostia, pharos erected at, by Emperor Claudian, 13. Paris, Matthew, the chronicler, cited, 23. Past, a nation’s, importance of cherishing, 36. “Permanent level” lamp, the, described, 80. Pharos, island of, lighthouse erected on, 13; position and history of, 20, 21.—_See_ Alexandria. Pharos, etymology of the word, 18, 19; its employment by historians, 19, 20. Philips, Mr., the founder of the Smalls lighthouse, 133, 134. Philo of Byzantium, his reference to the Rhodian Colossus, 47, 48. Pliny, his account of the pharos at Alexandria, 18, 21, 22; his reference to Boulogne, 30; his information concerning the Colossus of Rhodes quoted, 47, 48. Plymouth breakwater, the lighthouses at, 199. Point of Ayre lighthouse, the, referred to, 208. Pompey’s Pillar, historical memoranda concerning, 266-269. _Ponts et Chaussées_, department of, in France, its functions and functionaries, 57. Portland Bill, the lighthouse at, mentioned, 201. Ptolemæus, the Emperor, supposed founder of the pharos of Alexandria, 17, 18. Ptolemæus, the geographer, his reference to Boulogne, 30. Puckle, Rev. J., the historian of Dover Castle, quoted, 39-41. Puteoli, pharos at the port of, referred to, 13. Quatrefages, M. de, quoted, 243, 244. Ravenna, pharos erected at, by Augustus, 13. Reflectors, the plan of, in lighthouse illumination, 70. Renard, M., author of “Le Phares,” quoted, 10, 63, 223. Revolving light, the, of the catoptric system, how produced, 74. Revolving red and white light of the catoptric system, how produced, 74, 75. Reynaud, M. Léonce, the engineer, his erection of lighthouse at Héaux of Bréhat, 233-240; cited, 71. Rhodes, the Colossus of.—_See_ Colossus. Ronaldshay, North, the lighthouse at, mentioned, 142. Ronsard, the French poet, his tribute to Charles IX., quoted, 20. Rudyerd, John, his lighthouse on the Eddystone described, 113-115; its destruction, 116-118; a romantic episode connected with, 118, 119. Rumford, the engineer, his efforts to increase the illuminating power of lamps, 80. Sainte-Adresse, the vale of, described, 225; origin of the word, 225, 226.