=Sixty hostages= were chosen from among the most notable persons in the town, and included the Bishop _(Mgr. Charost)_, the Prefect of the North _(M. Trépont)_, _MM. Delory_ and _Ghesquière_, Members of Parliament, the Mayor _(M. Delesalle)_ and deputy mayors. In groups of ten they were made to spend the night in turns at the Citadelle _(photo, p. 51)_. From December 31st, they were required merely to sign a presence-sheet, but were later again forced to spend the whole of their time (day and night) in the Citadelle, this time in groups of five. Finally, they had to sign a presence-sheet each morning and evening until October 5th, 1915, when this formality was dispensed with, _i.e._ after the Census operations had been completed. In November, 1914, began exorbitant exactions in the guise of =War Contributions=. On the 4th, Von Graevenitz demanded a million francs to be paid on the 10th; then two millions on the 17th, and three millions on the 24th, in addition to the expense of feeding the troops, which alone amounted to 10,000 frs. daily. After much negotiating the Governor finally agreed first to give more time, then to reduce the amounts of the contributions. To ensure an effective control, a very strict _census_ of the population was taken on August 27th, 1915. Particulars of the persons in each house were constantly posted up, and after September 1st =identity-cards= with photographs were obligatory. To be found in the street or even standing on one's doorstep without this card, was punishable by fine (3 to 30 marks) or imprisonment (one to three days). [Illustration: M. JACQUET'S IDENTITY CARD _(see p. 16)_.] Passes In January, 1915, the Kommandantur drew up rules for the granting of passes, a fruitful source of profit to the Germans, and of annoyance to the population. A scale of prices provided even for the shortest journeys. Funeral processions going to the South Cemetery were also required to have passes (free), to go through the Porte des Postes, and were escorted by soldiers, both going and coming, to prevent the people from leaving the ranks. [Illustration: DISTRIBUTING PASSES IN THE RUE JEAN-ROISIN _(see plan, p. 25)_.] However, little by little, the people took up their occupations again. Forty schools for boys and girls reopened early in November. Of the remainder, five had been destroyed, two turned into hospitals and ten into barracks. The higher schools and, later, the Lycée reopened, as did also the Conservatoire, whose pupils were exempted from having passes. The only newspapers allowed were the _Bruxellois_ and the _Gazette des Ardennes_, both under German control. On November 15th, 1915, at the request of the Kommandantur, the Municipality started the bi-weekly _Bulletin de Lille_, which appeared on Thursdays and Sundays, and contained the Proclamations, Birth and Death notices, etc. [Illustration: REQUISITIONING BEDDING IN THE RUE RATISBONNE.]