In April, 1919, it was necessary to follow the Deule as far as the Square du Ramponneau, where a temporary wooden bridge had been built close to a half-destroyed foot-bridge. After crossing the bridge, visitors had to come back to the left as far as the first avenue on the right leading to the Citadelle _(see p. 49)_. [Illustration: THE CITADELLE ROYAL GATE.] The Citadelle This masterpiece of the fortification art is the work of Vauban (17th century). In shape a regular pentagon, it includes numerous detached out-works. Entrance to it is gained through the Royal Gate, which dates from 1670 _(photo above)_. It contains barracks and a chapel (photo below), and it was in the latter that the hostages of Lille spent their nights during the German occupation _(p. 12)_. =Jacquet=, =Deconinck=, =Maertens=, =Verhulst= and =Trulin= were shot in the northern moats by the Germans _(p. 18)_. _After visiting the Citadelle, re-cross the bridge, turn to the left and follow the =Façade de l'Esplanade=, fine avenue planted with linden-trees, which runs alongside the canal._ The ruins of =Napoléon Bridge=, blown up by the retreating Germans, _will be noticed (photo p. 52)_. [Illustration: THE CITADELLE CHAPEL.] Further on, at the northern end of the avenue, is the =Négrier Bridge=, which was also destroyed by the Germans. Looking towards Napoléon Bridge, the =tower of St. Catherine's church= appears above the trees bordering the canal. Near by is the =statue of General Négrier= by Bra (1849), _photo below_, which was damaged by flying débris, when the bridge was blown up. [Illustration: NAPOLÉON BRIDGE _(January, 1919)_.] [Illustration: NAPOLÉON BRIDGE _before destruction_. The Napoléon Bridge dated from 1912. It was destroyed by the retreating Germans. Beyond the bridge is seen the tower of St. Catherine's Church _(see p. 54)_. This photograph was taken from the Négrier Bridge _(p. 53)_.] [Illustration: NÉGRIER BRIDGE.] _Take the Rue du Magasin on the right to the Rue Royale, and follow the latter to the right. With its continuation, =the Rue Esquermoise=_, which leads to the Grande Place, the Rue Royale forms one of the main arteries of the old town. The =Church of St. André= is reached shortly afterwards. Church of Saint-André. This church was erected in 1702. The doorway, with its two tall modern statues of St. Peter and St. Andrew in niches, is of two different orders, superposed and divided by an entablature, the whole being surmounted by a triangular pediment. [Illustration: STATUE OF GENERAL NÉGRIER.]