Nearly all villages in Weihaiwei have certain police regulations which are made and promulgated by the local elders. They possess, of course, no legal sanction, though they are frequently brought to the British magistrates for approval and to be stamped with an official seal. They consist of lists of punishable offences, and the penalties attached to them: the money fines being imposed by the village or clan elders, and applied by them to local uses. There is a good deal of variety among these village regulations or _ts'un kuei_ in respect of penalties, though the punishable offences are everywhere much the same. They always repay inspection, for they throw an interesting light on the local morality and the views held by the leaders of public opinion as to the relative seriousness of different classes of misdemeanours. A written copy of the _ts'un kuei_ is usually kept in the family Ancestral Temple or in the headman's house. The following is a translation of one of these documents: "1. Trampling on or desecrating graves or allowing domestic animals to desecrate graves in the ancestral burial-ground 10 _tiao_.[100] 2. Usurping portions of the common pasture land (_mu niu ch'ang_) or ploughing up portions thereof 5 _tiao_. 3. Removing fuel from private land without permission, and cutting willows and uprooting shrubs and trees 3 _tiao_. 4. Allowing mules, ponies, pigs, sheep, or other animals to feed on private ground without the owner's permission 3 _tiao_. 5. Stealing crops 5 _tiao_. 6. Stealing manure from private gardens 3 _tiao_. 7. Moving boundary-stones 5 _tiao_. 8. Obstructing or blocking the right of way to the common pasture land 5 _tiao_. If any of the above offences are committed at night-time, the punishment is Expulsion from the Village. If any person having committed any of these offences declares that he will die rather than pay his fine, let him be conveyed to the magistrate. The following are exempted from punishment as being irresponsible for their actions and deserving of compassion: children under twelve, dumb people, and imbeciles." Very serious offences, such as housebreaking, violent assault, homicide, and offences against morality are not mentioned in the _ts'un kuei_, as neither Chinese nor British law would recognise the power of the villagers to take upon themselves the punishment of such crimes. The very prevalent vice of gambling is sometimes but not always punishable under the _kuei_. It occupies a conspicuous place in the _kuei_ published by the East and West villages of Ch'ü-chia-chuang, of which the following is a translation: "1. Gambling: (_a_) The owner of the house where gambling takes place to be fined 30 _tiao_. (_b_) Each gambler to be fined 5 _tiao_.