[282] _The Evolution of the Idea of God_, pp. 369-70. See also Tylor, _Primitive Culture_ (4th ed.), vol. ii. 120; Fustel de Coulanges, _La Cité Antique_; and T. R. Glover's _Conflict of Religions in the Early Roman Empire_, pp. 14-15. [283] _Last Essays_, Second Series (1901 ed.), p. 45. [284] Ancestor-worship has been called "the foundation and chief characteristic of Shinto" (D. Goh in _Religious Systems of the World_, 8th ed., p. 99); but though this is the statement of a scholarly native of Japan, it is as well to observe that Dr. Aston, one of the best European authorities on the subject, holds a somewhat different view as to the connection between Shinto (in its earliest form) and the cult of ancestors. "All the great deities of the older Shinto," he says, "are not Man but Nature gods." (_Shinto_, p. 9.) [285] "Teutonic Heathendom," in _Religious Systems of the World_ (8th ed.), p. 279. [286] See T. R. Glover's _Conflict of Religions in the Early Roman Empire_, p. 23. See also F. C. Conybeare's admirable work _Myth, Magic, and Morals_, in which he says, "Latin hymns in honour of Isis seem to have been appropriated to Mary with little change; and I have seen statues of Isis set up in Christian churches as images of the Virgin" (p. 230). He also points out that in Asia Minor "the Virgin took the place of Cybele and Artemis." [287] _Primitive Culture_ (4th ed.), vol. ii. pp. 120 _seq._ See also vol. i. pp. 96-7 for mention of vestiges of sacrificial ceremonies in England in honour of the dead. With reference to the gradual transformation of the old Roman feasts for the dead into festivals of the Christian martyrs, see T. R. Glover's _Conflict of Religions in the Early Roman Empire_, pp. 15-16. [288] Dr. L. R. Farnell in _Hibbert Journal_, January 1909, p. 426. [289] _Chinese Classics_, vol. i. (2nd ed.), p. 100. [290]_Op. cit._ vol. iii. pt. i. p. 200. [291] See Max Müller's _Lectures on the Origin of Religion_ (1901 ed.), pp. 310-16. [292] _Chinese Characteristics_ (5th ed.), p 293. [293] _The Religions of Japan_ (4th ed.), p. 104. [294] See pp. 353-4. [295] _De Speculis_, 30.