Some of this odd combination of qualities Shelley doubtless owed to
the structure of his senses. By one of those singular results which
constantly meet us in metaphysical inquiry, the imagination and fancy are
singularly influenced by the bodily sensibility. One might have fancied
that the faculty by which the soul soars into the infinite, and sees
what it cannot see with the eye of the body, would have been peculiarly
independent of that body. But the reverse is the case. Vividness of
sensation seems required to awaken, delicacy to define, copiousness to
enrich, the visionary faculty. A large experience proves that a being
who is blind to this world will be blind to the other; that a coarse
expectation of what is not seen will follow from a coarse perception of
what is seen. Shelley’s sensibility was vivid but peculiar. Hazlitt used
to say, ‘he had seen him; and did not like his looks.’ He had the thin
keen excitement of the fanatic student; not the broad, natural, energy
which Hazlitt expected from a poet. The diffused life of genial enjoyment
which was common to Scott and to Shakespeare, was quite out of his way.
Like Mr. Emerson, he would have wondered they could be content with a
‘mean and jocular life.’ In consequence, there is no varied imagery from
human life in his poetry. He was an abstract student, anxious about
deep philosophies; and he had not that settled, contemplative, allotted
acquaintance with external nature which is so curious in Milton, the
greatest of studious poets. The exact opposite, however, to Shelley, in
the nature of his sensibility, is Keats. That great poet used to pepper
his tongue, ‘to enjoy in all its grandeur the cool flavour of delicious
claret.’ When you know it, you seem to read it in his poetry. There is
the same luxurious sentiment; the same poise on fine sensation. Shelley
was the reverse of this; he was a waterdrinker; his verse runs quick
and chill, like a pure crystal stream. The sensibility of Keats was
attracted too by the spectacle of the universe; he could not keep his
eye from seeing, or his ears from hearing, the glories of it. All the
beautiful objects of nature reappear by name in his poetry. On the other
hand, the abstract idea of beauty is for ever celebrated in Shelley; it
haunted his soul. But it was independent of special things; it was the
general surface of beauty which lies upon all things. It was the smile of
the universe and the expression of the world; it was not the vision of
a land of corn and wine. The nerves of Shelley quivered at the idea of
loveliness; but no coarse sensation obtruded particular objects upon him.
He was left to himself with books and reflection.
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