Another of his peculiarities is equally striking. There seems to be such
a thing as second-hand poetry. Some poets, musing on the poetry of other
men, have unconsciously shaped it into something of their own: the new
conception is like the original, it would never probably have existed had
not the original existed previously; still it is sufficiently different
from the original to be a new thing, not a copy or a plagiarism; it is
a creation, though, so to say, a suggested creation. Gray is as good an
example as can be found of a poet whose works abound in this species
of semi-original conceptions. Industrious critics track his best lines
back, and find others like them which doubtless lingered near his fancy
while he was writing them. The same critics have been equally busy with
the works of Milton, and equally successful. They find traces of his
reading in half his works; not, which any reader could do, in overt
similes and distinct illustrations, but also in the very texture of the
thought and the expression. In many cases, doubtless, they discover more
than he himself knew. A mind like his, which has an immense store of
imaginative recollections, can never know which of his own imaginations
is exactly suggested by which recollection. Men awake with their best
ideas; it is seldom worth while to investigate very curiously whence
they came. Our proper business is to adapt, and mould, and act upon
them. Of poets perhaps this is true even more remarkably than of other
men; their ideas are suggested in modes, and according to laws, which
are even more impossible to specify than the ideas of the rest of the
world. Second-hand poetry, so to say, often seems quite original to the
poet himself; he frequently does not know that he derived it from an old
memory; years afterwards it may strike him as it does others. Still, in
general, such inferior species of creation is not so likely to be found
in minds of singular originality as in those of less. A brooding, placid,
cultivated mind, like that of Gray, is the place where we should expect
to meet with it. Great originality disturbs the adaptive process, removes
the mind of the poet from the thoughts of other men, and occupies it
with its own heated and flashing thoughts. Poetry of the second degree
is like the secondary rocks of modern geology—a still, gentle, alluvial
formation; the igneous glow of primary genius brings forth ideas like
the primeval granite, simple, astounding, and alone. Milton’s case is an
exception to this rule. His mind has marked originality, probably as much
of it as any in literature; but it has as much of moulded recollection
as any mind too. His poetry in consequence is like an artificial park,
green, and soft, and beautiful, yet with outlines bold, distinct, and
firm, and the eternal rock ever jutting out; or, better still, it is like
our own lake scenery, where nature has herself the same combination—where
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