American essays; Literature -- History and criticism
“A vast similitude interlocks all,” says Whitman, “spans all the
objects of the universe and compactly holds and encloses them.”
Everywhere in Nature Emerson said he saw the figure of a disguised
man. The method of the universe is intelligible to us because it is
akin to our own minds. Our minds are rather akin to it and are derived
from it. Emerson made much of this thought. The truth here indicated
is undoubtedly the basis of all true analogy--this unity, this oneness
of creation; but the analogies that “are constant and pervade Nature”
are probably not so numerous as Emerson seemed to fancy. Thus one can
hardly agree with him that there is “intent” of analogy between man’s
life and the seasons, because the seasons are not a universal fact of
the globe, and man’s life is. The four seasons are well defined in New
England, but not in Ecuador.
The agreement of appearances is one thing, the identity of law and
essence is another, and the agreement of man’s life with the seasons
must be considered accidental rather than intentional.
Language is full of symbols. We make the world without a symbol of the
world within. We describe thoughts, and emotions, in the terms of an
objective experience. Things furnish the moulds in which our ideas are
cast. Size, proportion, mass, vista, vastness, height, depth, darkness,
light, coarse, fine, centre, surface, order, chaos, and a thousand
other terms, we apply alike to the world without and to the world
within. We know a higher temperance than concerns the body, a finer
digestion and assimilation than go on in it.
Our daily conversation is full of pictures and parables, or the
emblematic use of things. From life looked at as a voyage, we get
the symbolic use of anchor, compass, pole-star, helm, haven; from
life considered as a battle, we read deep meanings in shield, armor,
fencing, captain, citadel, panic, onset. Life regarded under the figure
of husbandry gives us the expressive symbols of seedtime and harvest,
planting and watering, tares and brambles, pruning and training, the
chaff and the wheat. We talk in parables when we little suspect it.
What various applications we make of such words as dregs, gutter,
eclipse, satellite, hunger, thirst, kindle, brazen, echo, and hundreds
of others. We speak of the reins of government, the sinews of war,
the seeds of rebellion, the morning of youth, the evening of age, a
flood of emotion, the torch of truth, burning with resentment, the
veil of secrecy, the foundations of character, a ripple of laughter,
incrusted dogmas, corrosive criticism. We say his spirits drooped, his
mind soared, his heart softened, his brow darkened, his reputation was
stabbed, he clinched his argument. We say his course was beset with
pitfalls, his efforts were crowned with success, his eloquence was a
torrent that carried all before it, and so on.
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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