American essays; Literature -- History and criticism
When we strike the great vital currents or laws,--the law of growth, of
decay, of health and disease, of reproduction, of evolution,--we strike
the region of true analogy. These laws must be continuous throughout
nature. All phases of development must be analogous. The mind grows
with the body and is under the same law. Exercise is the same to
both. Each has its appetites. Each has its tonics and stimulants. All
beginnings are the same; that is, from a germ. Language must have
begun in the most rudimentary sounds. Art, we know, began in the most
rude and simple marks and signs; science in the crudest, simplest
facts; religion in childish superstition; and so on through the whole
scope of human development. Development is always from the simple to
the complex.
There is, no doubt, a deep-seated analogy between the growth of the
individual and the growth of the state or nation; between revolutions
in history, and storms and convulsions in nature.
We speak of the root of the matter; everything really has its root, its
obscure beginning, its hidden underground processes.
There are types and suggestions everywhere--fresh fuel checks the fire;
the soft stone cuts the steel the fastest; the first big drops of the
shower raise the dust.
The analogy between the development of animal life upon the earth and
the growth of organized communities seems complete. In the lower forms
of life, there is no specialization, or division of functions. The
amœba can move, feel, digest, reproduce in every part of its structure;
it is not differentiated or specialized; so in the rudest tribes, there
is little division of labor. As animal life develops, each part of the
body has a function of its own; and as communities develop, extreme
specialization takes place. Organic life goes from the simple to the
complex, as does progress in human affairs. This is the law of all
growth.
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