Lives of Boulton and Watt. Principally from the Original Soho Mss.: Comprising also a history of the invention and introduction of the steam engineSmiles, Samuel
History
Lives of Boulton and Watt. Principally from the Original Soho Mss.: Comprising also a history of the invention and introduction of the steam engine
Dr. Black continued to take a lively interest in Watt’s experiments,
and lent him occasional sums of money from time to time to enable him
to prosecute them to an issue. But the Doctor’s means were too limited
to permit him to do more than supply Watt’s more pressing necessities.
Meanwhile, the debts which the latter had already incurred, small though
they were in amount, hung like a millstone round his neck. Black then
bethought him whether it would not be possible to associate Watt with some
person possessed of sufficient means, and of an active commercial spirit,
who should join as a partner in the risk, and share in the profits of
the enterprise. Such a person, he thought, was Dr. Roebuck, the founder
of the Carron Iron Works, an enterprising man, of undaunted spirit, not
scared by difficulties, nor a niggard of expense when he saw before him
any reasonable prospect of advantage.[81]
[81] For Memoir of Roebuck, see ‘Industrial Biography,’ p. 133.
Roebuck was at that time engaged in sinking for coal on a large scale near
Boroughstoness, where he experienced considerable difficulty in keeping
the shafts clear of water. The Newcomen engine, which he had erected, was
found comparatively useless, and he was ready to embrace any other scheme
which held out a reasonable prospect of success. Accordingly, when his
friend Dr. Black informed him of an ingenious young mechanic at Glasgow
who had invented a steam-engine, capable of working with increased power,
speed, and economy, Roebuck immediately felt interested, and entered
into correspondence with Watt on the subject. He was at first somewhat
sceptical as to the practicability of the new engine, so different in
its action from that of Newcomen; and he freely stated his doubts to Dr.
Black. He was under the impression that condensation might in some way
be effected in the cylinder without injection; and he urged Watt to try
whether this might not be done. Contrary to his own judgment, Watt tried
a series of experiments with this object, and at last abandoned them,
Roebuck himself admitting his error.
Up to this time Watt and Roebuck had not met, though they carried on a
long correspondence on the subject of the engine. In September, 1765, we
find Roebuck inviting Watt to come over with Dr. Black to Kinneil (where
Roebuck lived), and discuss with him the subject of the engine. Watt
wrote to say that “if his foot allowed him” he would visit Carron on a
certain day, from which we infer that he intended to walk. But the way
was long and the road miry, and Watt could not then leave his instrument
shop, so the visit was postponed. In the mean time Roebuck urged Watt to
press forward his invention with all speed, “whether he pursued it as a
philosopher or as a man of business.”
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