Lives of Boulton and Watt. Principally from the Original Soho Mss.: Comprising also a history of the invention and introduction of the steam engineSmiles, Samuel
History
Lives of Boulton and Watt. Principally from the Original Soho Mss.: Comprising also a history of the invention and introduction of the steam engine
[86] He anticipated the use of high-pressure steam, as afterwards
employed in the locomotive by Trevithick, in the following
passage:--“I intend,” he said, “in many cases to employ the
expansive force of steam to press on the piston, or whatever
is used instead of one, in the same manner as the weight of the
atmosphere is now employed in common fire-engines. In some cases
I intend to use both the condenser and this force of steam,
so that the powers of these engines will as much exceed those
pressed only by the air, as the expansive power of the steam is
greater than the weight of the atmosphere. In other cases, when
plenty of cold water cannot be had, I intend to work the engines
by the force of steam only, and to discharge it into the air by
proper outlets after it has done its office.”--Watt to Small,
March, 1769. Boulton MSS.
In order to master thoroughly the details of the ordinary Newcomen
engine, and to ascertain the extent of its capabilities as well as of its
imperfections, Watt undertook the erection of several engines of this
construction; and during his residence at Kinneil took charge of the
Schoolyard engine near Boroughstoness, in order that he might thereby
acquire a full practical knowledge of its working. Mr. Hart, in his
interesting ‘Reminiscences of James Watt,’ gives the following account:
“My late brother had learned from an old man who had been a workman at Dr.
Roebuck’s coal-works when Mr. Watt was there, that he had erected a small
engine on a pit they called Taylor’s Pit. The workman could not remember
what kind of engine it was, but it was the fastest-going one he ever saw.
From its size, and from its being placed in a small timber-house, the
colliers called it ‘the Box Bed.’ We thought it likely to have been the
first of the patent engines made by Mr. Watt, and took the opportunity
of mentioning this to him at our interview. He said he had erected that
engine, but he did not wish at the time to venture on a patent one until
he had a little more experience.”[87]
[87] Mr. Hart’s “Reminiscences of James Watt,” in ‘Transactions
of the Glasgow Archæological Society,’ Part I. 1859.
At length he proceeded to erect the trial engine after his new patent, and
made arrangements to stay at Kinneil until the work was finished. It had
been originally intended to erect it in the little town of Boroughstoness;
but as prying eyes might have there watched his proceedings, and as he
wished to avoid display, being determined, as he said, “not to puff,”
he fixed upon an outhouse behind Kinneil, close by the burn-side in the
glen, where there was abundance of water and secure privacy. The materials
were brought to the place, partly from Watt’s small works at Glasgow,
and partly from Carron, where the cylinder--of eighteen inches diameter
and five feet stroke--had been cast; and a few workmen were placed at his
disposal.
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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