The Killingworth mine machinery—Stephenson improves 109–122 his locomotive—Strengthens the road—His patent—His steam-springs—Experiments on friction—Steam-locomotion on common roads—Early neglect of the locomotive—Stephenson again thinks of emigration—Constructs the Hetton Railway—The working power employed—Robert Stephenson viewer’s apprentice—His pursuits at Killingworth—His father sends him to Edinburgh University—His application to the studies of Chemistry, Natural History, and Natural Philosophy—His MS. volumes of Lectures—Geological tour with Professor Jameson in the Highlands CHAPTER VIII. GEORGE STEPHENSON ENGINEER OF THE STOCKTON AND DARLINGTON RAILWAY. The Bishop Auckland Coal-field—Edward Pease projects 123–145 a railway from Witton to Stockton—The Bill rejected—The line re-surveyed, and the Act obtained—George Stephenson’s visit to Edward Pease—Appointed engineer of the railway—Again surveys the line—Mr. Pease visits Killingworth—The Newcastle locomotive works projected—The railway constructed—Locomotives ordered—Stephenson’s anticipations as to railways—Public opening of the line—The coal traffic—The first railway passenger-coach—The coaching traffic described—The “Locomotion” engine—Race with stage-coach—Commercial results of the Stockton and Darlington Railway—The town of Middlesborough created CHAPTER IX. THE LIVERPOOL AND MANCHESTER RAILWAY PROJECTED. Insufficient communications between Manchester and 146–172 Liverpool—The canal monopoly—A tramroad projected—Joseph Sanders—Sir R. Phillip’s speculations as to railways—Thomas Gray—William James surveys a line between Liverpool and Manchester—Opposition to the survey—Mr. James’s visits to Killingworth—Robert Stephenson assists in the survey—George Stephenson appointed engineer—The first prospectus—Stephenson’s survey opposed—The canal companies—Speculations as to railway speed—Stephenson’s notions thought extravagant—Article in the ‘Quarterly’—The Bill before Parliament—The Evidence—George Stephenson in the witness box—Examined as to speed—His cross-examination—The survey found defective—Mr. Harrison’s speech—Evidence of opposing engineers—Mr. Alderson’s speech—The Bill withdrawn—Stephenson’s vexation—The scheme prosecuted—The line re-surveyed—Sir Isaac Coffin’s speech—The Act passed CHAPTER X. CHAT MOSS—CONSTRUCTION OF THE LIVERPOOL AND MANCHESTER RAILWAY.