The pocket Duchy--Old customs--Early training--The Father of the Princess Adelaide--Social life at the Ducal Court-- Training of the Princess Adelaide--Marriage Preliminaries --English Parliament--The Duke of Clarence--Arrival in London of the Princess--Quaint royal weddings--At home and abroad--Duke and Duchess of Clarence at Bushey--‘State and Dirt’ at St James’s--William IV. and Queen Adelaide-- Course of life of the new Queen-consort--King’s gallantry to an old love--Royal simplicity--The Sovereigns and the Sovereign people--Court anecdotes--Drawing-rooms --Princess Victoria--The Coronation--Incidents of the day--Coronation finery of George IV.--Princess Victoria not present--Revolutionary period--Reform question-- Unpopularity of the Queen--Attacks against her on the part of the press--Violence of party spirit--Friends and foes --Bearing of the King and Queen--Duchess of Angoulême-- King a republican--His indiscretion--Want of temper-- Continental press adverse to the Queen--King’s declining health--Conduct of Queen Adelaide--King William’s death --Declining health of the Queen--Her travels in search of health--Her last illness--Her will--Death--And funeral 419 LIVES OF THE QUEENS OF ENGLAND. _CHARLOTTE SOPHIA.--Cont._ CHAPTER IV. BIRTHS, DEATHS, AND MARRIAGES. Death of the Duke of Cumberland--His military career--The _soubriquet_ of the Butcher given him--Anecdotes of him-- Marriage of Caroline Matilda--Her married life unhappy-- Dr. Struensee--_Mésalliances_ of the Dukes of Gloucester and Cumberland--The Duke of Cumberland and Lady Grosvenor--The Royal Marriage Act--Olivia Serres--Lord Clive’s present of diamonds to the Queen--Disgusting correspondence of the Duchess of Orleans and Queen Caroline--The Prince of Wales’s juvenile drawing-room--Simple life of the Royal Family at Kew --Prince Frederick and his cottage beauty--Paton and his naval pictures--Royal births--The custom of cake and caudle observed--Petty larcenists--Sarah Wilson and her subsequent life--Death of Princess Mary; and of Princess Augusta, the King’s mother--The Earl of Bute--Neglected education of George III.--Petronilla, Countess Delitz--The Countess of Chesterfield, her conversion by Whitfield--Efforts of Lady Huntingdon to convert the gay Earl of Chesterfield--Mr. Fitzroy--George III. at Portsmouth--Jacob Bryant’s ‘golden rule’--Witty remark of Queen Charlotte--Attendant bards on Royalty; Mark Smeaton, Thomas Abel, David Rizzio--The Princes under the guardianship of Lady Charlotte Finch--The Queen’s benevolence--Satirists.