Living Fountains or Broken Cisterns: An Educational Problem for ProtestantsSutherland, E. A. (Edward Alexander)
Religion
Living Fountains or Broken Cisterns: An Educational Problem for Protestants
Sutherland, E. A. (Edward Alexander)
Church and education; Education -- History; Religious education
The words of President Harper, of Chicago University, are worth
repeating: “It is difficult to prophesy what the results of our present
method of educating the youth will be in fifty years. We are training
the mind in the public schools, but the moral side in the child’s nature
is almost entirely neglected.” Not only is it neglected, but faith is
trampled to the ground, and human reason exalted above its prostrate
form. “_When the Son of man cometh, shall he find faith on the earth?_” A
pertinent question, indeed, for educators to answer.
[Sidenote: The method of “doubt” is Socratic]
This method of doubting is papal, and can be traced directly to Socrates,
the Greek. Of him, we read: “Socrates was not a ‘philosopher,’ nor yet a
‘teacher,’ but rather an ‘educator,’ having for his function ‘to rouse,
persuade, and rebuke’.... _Socrates’ theory of education had for its
basis a PROFOUND AND CONSISTENT CONCEPTION._”[175]
In dealing with his students, the same authority thus states his method
of procedure: “Taking his departure from some apparently remote principle
or proposition to which the respondent yielded a ready assent, Socrates
would draw from it an unexpected but undeniable consequence which was
plainly inconsistent with the opinion impugned. In this way he brought
his interlocutor to pass judgment upon himself, and reduced him to a
state _of doubt_ or perplexity. ‘Before I ever met you,’ says Meno, in a
dialogue which Plato called by his name, ‘I was told _that you spent your
time in doubting and leading others to doubt:_ and it is a fact that your
witcheries and spells have brought me to that condition; you are like the
torpedo; as it benumbs anyone who approaches and touches it, so do you.’”
We can readily trace the connection between the Socratic method of
doubting and the same method as advocated by the professor of the
theological school, for “his [Socrates’s] practice led to the Platonic
revival,” and the Platonic system of education and its introduction in
modern schools has been too thoroughly discussed in previous pages to
need repetition here.
[Sidenote: “Doubt” taught in modern schools]
The Socratic method of teaching—the development of doubt—seems to
characterize much of the teaching of to-day, if we can judge from an
article which appeared in the _Outlook_, written by the editor, Lyman
Abbott. The educational work is thus described:—
“The educational processes of our time—possibly of all time—are largely
analytical and critical. They consist chiefly in analyzing the subjects
brought to the student for examination, separating them into their
constituent parts, considering how they have been put together, and
sitting in judgment on the finished fabric or on the process by which it
has been constructed.
“Thus all, or nearly all, study is analytical, critical,—a process of
inquiry and investigation. The process presupposes an inquiring if not
a skeptical mood. _Doubt_ is the pedagogue which leads the pupil to
_knowledge_.
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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