In preparing successive editions of this book, I have profited by the comments of my friends: Mr. Thomas Whittaker, Prof. Claude Thompson, Dr. Armitage Smith, Mr. Alfred Sidgwick, Dr. Schiller, Prof. Spearman, and Prof. Sully, have made important suggestions; and I might have profited more by them, if the frame of my book, or my principles, had been more elastic. As to the present edition, useful criticisms have been received from Mr. S.C. Dutt, of Cotton College, Assam, and from Prof. M.A. Roy, of Midnapore; and, especially, I must heartily thank my colleague, Dr. Wolf, for communications that have left their impress upon nearly every chapter. CARVETH READ. LONDON, _August_, 1914 CONTENTS PAGE PREFACE v CHAPTER I INTRODUCTORY §1. Definition of Logic 1 §2. General character of proof 2 §3. Division of the subject 5 §4. Uses of Logic 6 §5. Relation of Logic to other sciences 8 to Mathematics (p. 8); to concrete Sciences (p. 10); to Metaphysics (p. 10); to regulative sciences (p. 11) §6. Schools of Logicians 11 Relation to Psychology (p. 13) CHAPTER II GENERAL ANALYSIS OF PROPOSITIONS §1. Propositions and Sentences 16 §2. Subject, Predicate and Copula 17 §3. Compound Propositions 17 §4. Import of Propositions 19 §5. Form and Matter 22 §6. Formal and Material Logic 23 §7. Symbols used in Logic 24 CHAPTER III OF TERMS AND THEIR DENOTATION §1. Some Account of Language necessary 27 §2. Logic, Grammar and Rhetoric 28 §3. Words are Categorematic or Syncategorematic 29 §4. Terms Concrete or Abstract 30 §5. Concrete Terms, Singular, General or Collective 33 CHAPTER IV THE CONNOTATION OF TERMS