Contrary Terms are those that (within a certain genus or _suppositio_) severally connote differential qualities that are, in fact, mutually incompatible in the same relation to the same thing, and therefore cannot be predicated of the same subject in the same relation; and, so far, they resemble Contradictory Terms: but they differ from contradictory terms in this, that the differential quality connoted by each of them is definitely positive; no Contrary Term is infinite, but is limited to part of the _suppositio_ excluded by the others; so that, possibly, neither of two Contraries is truly predicable of a given subject. Thus 'blue' and 'red' are Contraries, for they cannot both be predicated of the same thing in the same relation; but are not Contradictories, since, in a given case, neither may be predicable: if a flower is blue in a certain part, it cannot in the same part be red; but it may be neither blue nor red, but yellow; though it is certainly either blue or not-blue. All co-ordinate terms are formal Contraries; but if, in fact, a series of co-ordinates comprises only two (as male-female), they are empirical Contradictories; since each includes all that area of the _suppositio_ which the other excludes. The extremes of a series of co-ordinate terms are Opposites; as, in a list of colours, white and black, the most strongly contrasted, are said to be opposites, or as among moods of feeling, rapture and misery are opposites. But this distinction is of slight logical importance. Imperfect Positive and Negative couples, like 'happy and unhappy,' which (as we have seen) are not contradictories, are often called Opposites. The members of any series of Contraries are all included by any one of them and its contradictory, as all colours come under 'red' and 'not-red,' all moods of feeling under 'happy' and 'not-happy.' CHAPTER V THE CLASSIFICATION OF PROPOSITIONS § 1. Logicians classify Propositions according to Quantity, Quality, Relation and Modality. As to Quantity, propositions are either Universal or Particular; that is to say, the predicate is affirmed or denied either of the whole subject or of a part of it--of _All_ or of _Some S_. _All S is P_ (that is, _P_ is predicated of _all S_). _Some S is P_ (that is, _P_ is predicated of _some S_). An Universal Proposition may have for its subject a singular term, a collective, a general term distributed, or an abstract term. (1) A proposition having a singular term for its subject, as _The Queen has gone to France_, is called a Singular Proposition; and some Logicians regard this as a third species of proposition with respect to quantity, distinct from the Universal and Particular; but that is needless. (2) A collective term may be the subject, as _The Black Watch is ordered to India_. In this case, as well as in singular propositions, a predication is made concerning the whole subject as a whole.