[Footnote 4: Strictly speaking, as I have tried to indicate all along, the words Connotation and Denotation, or Extension and Intension, apply only to general names. Outside general names, they have no significance. An adjective with its noun is a general name, of which the adjective gives part of the Connotation. If we apply the word connotation to signify merely the suggestion of an attribute in whatever grammatical connexion, then an abstract name is undoubtedly as much connotative as an adjective. The word _Sweetness_ has the same meaning as _Sweet_: it indicates or signifies, conveys to the mind of the reader the same attribute: the only difference is that it does not at the same time indicate a subject in which the attribute is found, as _sweet apple_. The meaning is not _con_noted.] CHAPTER II. THE SYLLOGISTIC ANALYSIS OF PROPOSITIONS INTO TERMS. I.--THE BARE ANALYTIC FORMS. The word "term" is loosely used as a mere synonym for a name: strictly speaking, a term ([Greek: horos], a boundary) is one of the parts of a proposition as analysed into Subject and Predicate. In Logic, a term is a technical word in an analysis made for a special purpose, that purpose being to test the mutual consistency of propositions. For this purpose, the propositions of common speech may be viewed as consisting of two TERMS, a linkword called the copula (positive or negative) expressing a relation between them, and certain symbols of quantity used to express that relation more precisely. Let us indicate the Subject term by S, and the Predicate term by P. All propositions may be analysed into one or other of four forms:-- All S is P, No S is P, Some S is P, Some S is not P. All S is P is called the UNIVERSAL AFFIRMATIVE, and is indicated by the symbol A (the first vowel of Affirmo). No S is P is called the UNIVERSAL NEGATIVE, symbol E (the first vowel of Nego). Some S is P is called the PARTICULAR AFFIRMATIVE, symbol I (the second vowel of _aff_Irmo). Some S is not P is called the PARTICULAR NEGATIVE, symbol O (the second vowel of _neg_O). The distinction between Universal and Particular is called a distinction in QUANTITY; between Affirmative and Negative, a distinction in QUALITY. A and E, I and O, are of the same quantity, but of different quality: A and I, E and O, same in quality, different in quantity. In this symbolism, no provision is made for expressing degrees of particular quantity. _Some_ stands for any number short of all: it may be one, few, most, or all but one. The debates in which Aristotle's pupils were interested turned mainly on the proof or disproof of general propositions; if only a proposition could be shown to be not universal, it did not matter how far or how little short it came. In the Logic of Probability, the degree becomes of importance.