Londinium, Architecture and the CraftsLethaby, W. R. (William Richard)
History
Londinium, Architecture and the Crafts
Lethaby, W. R. (William Richard)
England -- Antiquities, Roman; London (England) -- Antiquities, Roman; Romans -- England -- London
Three well-decorated stone sarcophagi found in London are at the
Guildhall, the British Museum and Westminster Abbey. The sarcophagus at
the Abbey is the earliest in style. It was found under the green at the
angle between the north transept and the nave in 1869, and now rests by
the entry to the Chapter House. On the cover is a large cross which
seems to have been cut on the old stone in the twelfth century. Yet the
evidence seems to have been against reuse in Christian times. It was the
opinion, however, of the discoverers that it had been moved from its
original site, but it was found close to the presumed Roman road to the
river bank. The front has a panel with an inscription in excellent
lettering, giving the name of Valerius, a superventor in the army, and
beginning MEMORIAE. This form is found in two or three other British
inscriptions, and was frequently used on tombs at Lyons. The Westminster
inscription and the panel in which it is placed are of comparatively
early style, and it is difficult to think that such work can be later
than about A.D. 200. On the other hand, it is said that the new mode of
burial at full length in a sarcophagus was not adopted in Britain until
about A.D. 250. I do not suppose that our example is so late as this.
The front may be compared with a slab in Edinburgh Museum, _c._ A.D. 160
(_J.R.S._, ii. p. 128). The Lyons inscriptions of a similar type are
also of the age of the Antonines. Altogether, I cannot think that the
Westminster tomb is later than A.D. 200. It is possible that it may
first have contained cinerated remains and not have been a sarcophagus
proper.
[Illustration:
FIG. 49.
]
The sarcophagus at the British Museum was found in Haydon Square,
Minories, the site of a part of a cemetery where in 1797 “many curious
fragments of Roman pottery as well as glass vessels were discovered, and
two complete urns with bone ashes, etc., were taken up.” This stone
sarcophagus contained a lead coffin, now also in the British Museum. At
the Society of Antiquaries is an accurate drawing of both made at the
time of the discovery. The cover was securely clamped down with iron
(Fig. 48). At the centre of the front is a simple medallion portrait
head, the rest is filled with flutes (Fig. 49). The outer face of the
cover, which slants up to a ridge, is carved with acanthus leaves (Fig.
50), the inner slanting side is plain, and this shows that it stood in a
building or against a wall. At the two ends are carved baskets of
fruits, and these must be symbolical (Fig. 48). This tomb had no
inscription; it belonged to a time when inscriptions were few. Whether
itself the tomb of a Christian or not, it is of a Christian type, and I
should date it about A.D. 340.
[Illustration:
FIG. 50.
]
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
Reviews
Reviews
No reviews yet
Be the first to share your thoughts on this work.
Join the Discussion
Join the discussion
Sign in to leave a comment or review.
Sign InorCreate an account