London (England) -- History; London (England) -- Social life and customs
The prices of things in the time of Charles the Second, may be found
interesting. In considering them, remember, as stated above, that the
general purchasing power of money was then four times that of the
present time. A leg of mutton generally costs two-and-sixpence; a
shoulder, two shillings; a hand of pork, eighteenpence; "a cheese"--they
had one every week, but it is not stated how much it weighed--varies
from one-and-twopence to one-and-eightpence. Butter is eight or nine
pence a pound; they used about a pound a week. Sugar is sixpence a
pound. They bought their flour by sixpennyworths, and their coals in
small quantities for eighteenpence each week during the winter, so that
their fires must have been principally kept going with wood. Once a
month the washer-woman is called in, and sheets are washed; therefore,
the washing was all done at home. Raisins and currants at twopence a
pound, eggs, nutmegs, ginger, mace, rice, suet, etc., proclaim the
pudding. It was made in fifty different ways, but the ingredients were
always the same, and in this family they evidently had pudding every
day. Cakes, also, they had, and pies, both fruit pies and meat pies, and
open tarts. These were all sent to the bake-house to be baked at one
penny each, so that the kitchen contained no oven. Candles were
fivepence a pound, but the entries of candles are so irregular that one
suspects the accounts to be imperfect. Herrings were bought nearly every
week, and sometimes ling--"a pole of ling." Bacon was sevenpence a
pound. Rice was also sevenpence a pound. Oranges came in about December;
cherries in their season were twopence a pound; gooseberries, fourpence,
sold, I suppose, by the measure; pease, sixpence a peck; beans,
fourpence a quart; asparagus ("sparragrasse") was in April excessively
dear--we find them giving six shillings and twopence, a most extravagant
expenditure for a single dish; two weeks later it has gone down to
eighteenpence for two hundred. But how could so careful a housewife
spend six and twopence on a single dish? A "sallet"--that is, a
lettuce--is one penny. Once in six weeks or so we find mention of
"earbs"--that is, thyme, sage, rosemary, etc.--for twopence.
"Cowcumbers" are a penny apiece, and a favorite vegetable. Radishes,
carrots, turnips, French beans are also bought. In the spring
cream-cheese appears. Sweet brier is bought every year, one knows not
for what, and roses by the bushel, evidently for rose-water. This is the
only allusion to the still-room, which undoubtedly formed part of the
ménage. Nothing is said of preserved fruits, home-made wines, distilled
waters, or pickles, which then formed a great part of house-keeping.
They pickled everything: walnuts, gherkins, asparagus, peaches,
cauliflowers, plums, nectarines, onions, lemons, barberries, mushrooms,
nasturtium buds, lime-tree buds, oysters, samphire, elder roots. They
distilled rose-buds and rose-leaves, lavender, walnut-water, and
cherry-water.
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