By the river bank among wharves and quaint mediæval warehouses, St. Magnus’ steeple, the stern towers of Baynard’s Castle, and the buildings of the Blackfriars are conspicuous; while in the same direction, and beyond the Fleet river, is Bridewell Palace, the huge tower of the Whitefriars, the Temple, St. Dunstan’s Church, Exeter House, Arundel House, the Savoy, and York Place. Along the eastern limits of the City are St. Dunstan’s, St. Margaret Pattens, All Hallows Barking, the great Minster of the Friars of the Holy Cross, and the still larger Priory of the Holy Trinity in Aldgate. Near Bishopsgate is the large establishment of the Augustinians, and beyond this again the Grey Friars, the Priory of St. Bartholomew, the Charter House, and the Priory of St. John, Clerkenwell. In the centre of the City is an almost endless array of parish churches, with here and there the high-pitched roof of some guild house, or the residence of a nobleman or wealthy merchant. GARDENS AND PLEASURE GROUNDS. These ecclesiastical foundations generally had gardens attached to them, and in the time of Henry VIII. and the subsequent Tudor monarchs, who discouraged building in London, the houses were by no means so closely packed as at present. It is usual to find in walled cities that the houses are packed as closely as possible within the walls; but this most certainly was not the case in London. A glance at Aggas’s or Ryther’s map (a copy of which is given in Mr. Loftie’s admirable “History of London”) will convince one of this. The houses enclose a great deal of garden ground in every direction, especially in the northern and north-eastern portions of the city. It was along the river bank that the crowding of houses was greatest, but even here there were open spaces; and I must remind you that Pepys, who lived in Seething Lane in the time of Charles II., when the crowding in the City had very much increased, makes frequent mention of his garden. Mr. Loftie tells us that in 1276 an inquiry was held as to the cause of death of one Adam Shott, who had fallen from a pear tree in the garden of one Laurence, in the parish of St. Michael Paternoster, which was close to Thames Street. St. Martin Pomeroy, a church formerly in Ironmonger Lane, is supposed to have derived its name from an adjoining orchard. We know that Sir John Crosbie built Crosbie Place, now a restaurant, in Bishopsgate Street, on part of the land forming the gardens of the adjoining Convent of St. Helen’s. Sir Thomas Gresham’s house in Bishopsgate Street also had its garden, and we know that the College of Physicians had a physic garden, first at Amen Corner, and subsequently in Warwick Lane.