After the fire of London, which afforded an opportunity of rendering the new streets more commodious than the old ones had been, it was ordered by act of parliament that Newgate market should be removed from the street, and a square was formed on the south side for that purpose, surrounded by decent houses. This square is 194 feet long from east to west, and 148 feet broad from north to south. In the middle is a market house, under which are vaults or cellars, and the upper part of the building is employed as a kind of warehouse for the fruiterers, and the keepers of green stalls by night. In the shops under this building tripe and other things are sold, and in the middle near the market house are sold fruit and greens. At a convenient distance are shops for butchers, the sellers of butter, &c. and the houses beyond these, which extend along the sides of the market, are also taken up by butchers. It may be proper to observe with respect to the butter shops, that some of these contract for the produce of several dairies, and that it is not uncommon for one of these shops to take 30 or 40_l._ for butter alone, in a morning, even before eight or nine o’clock. The passages to the market from Paternoster row and Newgate street, are taken up with poulterers, bacon shops, fishmongers, and cheesemongers. NEWGATE _street_, is a street of considerable trade, and extends from Blowbladder street, to Newgate. NEW GEORGE _street_, 1. Near Bethnal green. 2. St. John’s street, Spitalfields. NEW GRAVEL _lane_, Shadwell. Thus named from the carts loaded with gravel passing through it to the Thames, where the gravel was employed in ballasting of ships, before ballasting was taken out of the river. It obtained the epithet of New, to distinguish it from the Old Gravel lane, which was used for the same purpose long before. NEWELL _street_, Berwick street, Old Soho.† NEW JAIL, in Southwark, a prison lately erected near Bridewell alley, in the Borough, for felons in the county of Surry. NEWINGTON BUTTS, a village in Surry, extending from the end of Blackman street, to Kennington common, is said to receive the name of Butts, from the exercise of shooting at Butts, much practised, both here and in the other towns of England, in the reign of King Henry VIII. &c. to fit men to serve in the regiment of archers. But Mr. Aubrey thinks it received this name from the Butts of Norfolk, who had an estate here. The Drapers and Fishmongers company have almshouses here: and Mr. Whatley observes, that here were planted the first peaches so much esteemed, distinguished by the name of Newington peaches. The church here, which is dedicated to St. Mary, is a rectory in the gift of the Bishop of Winchester, and the profits arising to the Incumbent amount to about 140_l._ _per annum_. _Maitland._ See STOKE NEWINGTON. NEWINGTON _causeway row_, Blackman street.