to the English, in little mugs at the rate of a penny a mug.” The combination of the gay crowd in hooped petticoats, brilliant coats, and powdered wigs, with the peaceful, green meadows and the browsing deer and cows, forms an attractive picture. All this had changed long before the final departure of the cattle, when the last old woman was pensioned off, and the sheds carted away. A use was found for the fragments of the concrete foundations of the last milkmaid’s stall. They were made into a sort of rockery, on which Alpine plants grow well, to support the bank at the entrance to the new frame-grounds at Hyde Park. But to return to Charles II.’s time, when the cows were undisturbed. The great feature of what Pepys calls the “brave alterations” was the canal. He mentions more than one visit when the works were in progress. In October 1660 he went “to walk in St. James’s Park, where we observed the several engines at work to draw up water, with which sight I was very much pleased.” The canal, when finished, was 2800 feet long and 100 broad, and ran through the centre of the Park, beginning near the north end of. Rosamund’s Pond. An avenue of trees was planted on either side, passing down between the canal and the duck decoy to a semicircular double avenue near the tilting-ground. Deer wandered under fine old oaks between the canal and the avenues of “the Mall.” These old trees have gradually disappeared, as much through gales as from the wanton destruction of the would-be improver. At the hour of Cromwell’s death, when the storm was so fierce the Royalists said it was due to fiends coming to claim their own, much havoc was wrought; and from time to time similar destructions have taken place, one of the most serious being in November 1703, when part of the wall and over 100 elms were blown down. Another notable gale was on March 15, 1752, when many people lost their lives. “In St. James’s Park and the villages about the metropolis great numbers of trees were demolished.”