Gardens -- England -- London; London (England) -- Description and travel; Parks -- England -- London
At the Restoration the former tenants were reinstated until the debt
was discharged, and John Carey was compensated for his loss of the
rangership; but the Park was never re-stocked with deer. It is supposed
that the Queens, Mary and Elizabeth, sometimes resided at the Manor
House belonging to the Manor, which stood at the south side of what
is now Marylebone Road, and was built by Henry VIII. A drawing of the
house in 1700 exists, and it is not the same as Oxford House, with
which it has sometimes been confused, belonging to Lord Oxford, which
contained the celebrated Harleian collection of MSS. Henry VIII.’s
Manor House was pulled down in 1790. It is not until after that date
that anything further has to be recorded of the Park; until then
it remained let out as farms. In 1793 Mr. White, architect to the
Duke of Portland, the tenant of the Park from the Crown, approached
Mr. Fordyce, the Surveyor-General, with his ideas and plans for the
improvement of the whole of the area. During the previous fifty years
the streets and squares between Oxford Street and Marylebone had
been growing up. Foley House, a large building, stood on the site of
the present Langham Hotel; and in the lease by which the land was
held from the Duke of Portland, it was covenanted that no buildings
should obstruct the view of Marylebone Park from this house. When,
in 1772, the Brothers Adam designed Portland Place, they made it the
entire width of Foley House, so that the agreement was fulfilled to
the letter. In those days the street ended where No. 8 Portland Place
now stands; then came the railings which enclosed Marylebone Fields,
with its buttercup meadows and country lanes and hedgerows. White’s
idea commended itself to Fordyce, and he approached the Treasury on
the subject. The total area, according to the survey in 1794, was 543
ac. 17 p. This was disposed chiefly between three farms of about 288,
133, and 117 acres respectively. From the first all the plans embraced
extensive buildings, as well as a proportion of park. Inspired by
Fordyce, the Treasury offered a prize, not exceeding £1000, for the
best design, and several were submitted. Fordyce aimed at something
between the most extreme votaries of the landscape school and the
older, debased, formal styles--a compromise which Loudon was at that
time trying to bring into vogue. A “union of the ancient and modern
styles of planting,” he called it, which led by stages to the Italian
parterres and brilliant bedding out of the early Victorian gardens.
Fordyce did not live to see any plan put into execution. At his
death the Surveyor-General of Land Revenues and the Commissioners
of Woods and Forests were amalgamated, and Leverton and Chawner,
architects to the former, and Nash, architect to the latter, submitted
designs--Nash’s being eventually accepted. The other design cut up the
whole ground into ornamental villas with pleasure grounds, with a sort
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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