Lord Byron as a satirist in verseFuess, Claude Moore
History
Lord Byron as a satirist in verse
Fuess, Claude Moore
Byron, George Gordon Byron, Baron, 1788-1824 -- Criticism and interpretation; Verse satire, English -- History and criticism
_Beppo_ is also a narrative, founded on a rather unimpressive anecdote.
The merchant, Beppo, departed on a trading trip, fails to return to his
wife, Laura, and she, thinking him dead, consoles herself with a Count
for her lover. After some years, Beppo comes back, to meet his wife and
her cavalier at a ball. She is reconciled to her husband, the Count
becomes Beppo’s friend, and the story ends. Since these main features
of the plot differ so widely from the incidents in _The Monks, and the
Giants_, we are forced to seek, therefore, for similarities in manner
and style between the two poems.
Unquestionably the fact that Frere’s work was written in ottava
rima[187] did affect Byron. It is true that the latter poet had
selected the octave stanza for his _Epistle to Augusta_, composed near
Geneva in 1816, before he had entered Italy and before Frere’s poem had
come to his attention; but the _Epistle_ had been serious and romantic,
without a touch of humor or of satire. Byron had also been familiar
with the use of the octave stanza in Ariosto’s _Orlando Furioso_, and,
as we shall see, in Casti’s _Novelle_. But of its employment in English
for humorous purposes there had been few examples, and Byron made no
reference to any such experiments by English poets.
In managing the octave, Frere had resorted to a somewhat free and
loose versification, diversified by frequent run-on lines and many
novel rhymes. Probably this unconstrained metrical structure appealed
greatly to Byron; but it must be remembered that since 1811 he had been
avoiding the heroic couplet and practising in some less restricted
measures. In _Childe Harold_ he had used a true stanzaic form,
occasionally with humorous effect. He had also, even in his first
published volume, shown facility in the rhyming of extraordinary words
and combinations of syllables, an art in which he had as guides Butler,
Swift, and Moore, all of whom were more skilful than Frere. Granting
that Frere did suggest to Byron the possibility of making the octave a
colloquial stanza, we cannot escape the conclusion that the latter went
beyond his model. For one thing, he was less careful about accuracy in
rhyming. Eichler, after a detailed examination of _The Monks, and the
Giants_ and _Beppo_, estimates that in the former poem only one rhyme
out of thirty is humorously inexact, in the latter, one out of six.
Frere’s entire work, more than double the length of _Beppo_, has only
eleven examples of “two-word rhymes,” while _Beppo_ has fifty-one.
Eichler’s tables show conclusively that Byron employed for rhymes many
more foreign words and proper names than Frere, and that he discovered
more odd combinations of English words. In addition he utilized the
enjambement in a more daring fashion. Certainly, in nearly every
respect, Byron was more lax in his versification than Frere had been in
his.[188]
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