Lord Kelvin: An account of his scientific life and workGray, Andrew
Science
Lord Kelvin: An account of his scientific life and work
Gray, Andrew
Kelvin, William Thomson, Baron, 1824-1907
A letter of Stokes to Sir John Lubbock, printed in the _Scientific
Correspondence of Sir George Gabriel Stokes_, states his recollection of
the matter, and gives Thomson the credit of having inferred the method
of spectrum analysis, a method to which Stokes himself makes no claim.
He says, "I know, I think, what Sir William Thomson was alluding to. I
knew well, what was generally known, and is mentioned by Herschel in his
treatise on Light, that the bright D seen in flames is specially
produced when a salt of soda is introduced. I connected it in my own
mind with the presence of sodium, and I suppose others did so too. The
coincidence in position of the bright and dark D is too striking to
allow us to regard it as fortuitous. In conversation with Thomson I
explained the connection of the dark and bright line by the analogy of a
set of piano strings tuned to the same note, which, if struck, would
give out that note, and also would be ready to sound it, to take it up,
in fact, if it were sounded in air. This would imply absorption of the
aërial vibrations, as otherwise there would be a creation of energy.
Accordingly I accounted for the presence of the dark D in the solar
spectrum by supposing that there was sodium in the atmosphere, capable
of absorbing light of that particular refrangibility. He asked me if
there were any other instances of such coincidences of bright and dark
lines, and I said I thought there was one mentioned by Brewster. He was
much struck with this, and jumped to the conclusion that to find out
what substances were in the stars we must compare the positions of the
dark lines seen in their spectra with the spectra of metals, etc....
"I should have said that I thought Thomson was going too fast ahead, for
my notion at the time was that, though a few of the dark lines might be
traced to elementary substances, sodium for one, probably potassium for
another, yet the great bulk of them were probably due to compound
vapours, which, like peroxide of nitrogen and some other known compound
gases, have the character of selective absorption."
It will be remembered that the experimental establishment of the method
of spectrum analysis was published towards the end of 1859 by Bunsen and
Kirchhoff, to whom, therefore, the full credit of discoverers must be
given.
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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