Paris Exhibition of 1878: desire of Queen Victoria to visit it incognito--Tunis--Resignation of MacMahon: Election of Grévy--Waddington Prime Minister: his difficulties--Anglo-French policy in Egypt--Question of deposing the Khedive Ismail--Differences between British and French Governments with regard to Egypt--Deposition of the Khedive by the Sultan--Death of the Prince Imperial: effect in France--Proposed visit of Gambetta to England: his bias in favour of English Conservatives--Resignation of Waddington: Freycinet Prime Minister--Coolness between France and Russia 161 CHAPTER XIV THE REVIVAL OF FRANCE 1880-1881 Change of Government in England and reversal of Foreign Policy--The French Embassy in London: Freycinet's model Ambassador--Personal characteristics of Lord Lyons: _On ne lui connait pas de vice_--The work at the Paris Embassy--The Eastern Question: Mr. Goschen at Constantinople--The Dulcigno Demonstration and the difficulties of the European Concert--Proposal to seize Smyrna--Opportune surrender of the Sultan--H.M. Government and the Pope: Mission of Mr. Errington, M.P.--Gambetta on the European situation--French expedition to Tunis--Ineffectual objections of H.M. Government--Establishment of French Protectorate over Tunis--Irritation in England and Italy--Distinction drawn between Tunis and Tripoli--Attempt to negotiate a new Anglo-French Commercial Treaty: Question of Retaliation 209 CHAPTER XV ARABI'S REBELLION 1881-1882 Egypt: the _coup d'état_ of the Colonels: joint Anglo-French action--Gambetta as Prime Minister--His desire to remain on good terms with England--Egypt: the Dual Note--Gambetta in favour of a more resolute joint policy--Fall of Gambetta after two months of office--Ministry formed by Freycinet--French vacillation with regard to Egypt--Decision of H.M. Government to employ force--Bombardment of Alexandria--Decision of French Government to take no part in expedition--Fall of Freycinet--Invitation to Italy to join in expedition declined--Effect produced in France by British military success in Egypt--French endeavour to re-establish the Control in Egypt--Madagascar and Tonquin 258 CHAPTER XVI ANGLOPHOBIA 1883-1885