Louis Pasteur: His Life and LaboursVallery-Radot, René
Science
Louis Pasteur: His Life and Labours
Vallery-Radot, René
Pasteur, Louis, 1822-1895; Scientists -- France -- Biography
It was thus proved that the corpuscles, introduced into the intestinal
canal at the same time as the food of the worms, convey the infection
into the intestinal canal, and progressively into all the tissues. The
malady had in certain cases a long period of incubation, since it was
only on the twelfth day that it became perceptible. Finally, the spots
of _pébrine_ on the skin, far from being the disease itself, were but
the effect of the corpuscles developed in the interior; they were but a
sign, already removed from the true seat of the evil. 'If these spots
of _pébrine_,' thought Pasteur, 'were considered in conjunction with
certain human maladies in which spots and irruptions appear on the
body, what interesting inductions might present themselves to minds
prepared to receive them!'
Pasteur was never tired of repeating this curious experiment, or of
varying its conditions. Sometimes he introduced the corpusculous
food into healthy worms at their birth, sometimes at the second or
third moulting. Occasionally, when the worms were about to spin their
cocoons, the corpusculous food was given them. All the disasters that
were known to have happened in the silkworm nurseries, their extent and
their varied forms, were faithfully reproduced. Pasteur created at will
any required manifestation of _pébrine_. When he infected quite healthy
worms, after their fourth moulting, with fresh corpusculous matter,
these worms, even after several meals of corpusculous leaves alternated
with meals of wholesome leaves, made their cocoons. It might have been
supposed that in this case the contagion had not taken effect. This was
but a deceptive appearance. The communication of the disease exhibited
itself in a marked degree in the chrysalides and in the moths. Many of
the chrysalides died before they turned into moths, and their bodies
might be said to be entirely composed of corpuscles. Such moths as
were formed, and which emerged from their cocoons, had a most miserable
appearance. The disease sometimes went so far as to render breeding and
the laying of eggs impossible.
Faithful to the rules prescribed by the experimental method, Pasteur
was careful to reproduce these same experiments with the worms of the
standard lot, from which all infected worms had been selected. He fed
these healthy worms on leaves over which a clear infusion made from the
remains of moths or worms exempt from corpuscles had been spread with a
paint-brush, instead of leaves contaminated with corpusculous remains.
This food kept the worms in their usual health. Could there be a better
proof that the corpuscles alone were the real cause of the _pébrine_
disease?
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