PALACE OF ST. CLOUD 222 CHARLES X. AT VALOGNES 234 THE PALAIS ROYAL 275 THE BARRICADE 312 ST. HELENA 353 LOUIS PHILIPPE LEAVING FRANCE 391 LOUIS PHILIPPE. CHAPTER I. ORIGIN OF THE HOUSE OF ORLEANS. 1669-1793 Louis and Philippe.--The regent.--Louis de Valois.--Louis le Gros.--Pride of royalty.--Birth of Egalite.--Fortune of the Duke of Orleans.--Democracy of the Duke of Orleans.--Wealth of the Duke of Orleans.--Banishment of the duke.--Popularity of the Duke of Orleans.--Assembling of the States-General.--Commotion in Paris.--Flight of the nobles.--Petition of the Duke of Orleans.--Domestic discord.--Flight of General Dumouriez.--Arrest of the Duke of Orleans.--Execution of Egalite.--Birth of Louis Philippe.--His daily journal.--Educational influences.--Mental and physical training.--Testimony of Madame de Genlis.--Demolition of the Bastile.--The Duke of Chartres joins the Jacobin Club.--His affability.--Noble sentiment. The origin of the House of Orleans is involved in some obscurity. The city of Orleans, from which the duke takes his title, was the Aurelium of imperial Rome. The first Duke of Orleans with whom history makes us familiar was Philip, the only brother of Louis XIV. Louis XIII., the son and heir of Henry IV., married Anne of Austria. Two children were born to them, Louis and Philippe. The first became the world-renowned monarch, Louis XIV. His brother, known in history as Monsieur, enjoyed the title and the princely revenues of the dukedom of Orleans. Monsieur married, as his first wife, the beautiful Henrietta Stuart, daughter of the unfortunate Charles I. of England. Her mother was Henrietta of France, the daughter of Henry IV., and sister of Louis XIII. She died in the bloom of youth and beauty, of poison, after the most cruel sufferings, on the 27th of June, 1669.[A] Philippe took as his second wife Elizabeth Charlotte, daughter of the Elector Charles of Bavaria. By this marriage he left a son, Philippe, who not only inherited his father's almost boundless wealth and princely titles, but who attained wide-spread notoriety, not to say renown, as the regent of France, after the death of Louis XIV., and during the minority of Louis XV. The regent was a man of indomitable force of will. During his long regency he swayed the sceptre of a tyrant; and the ear of Europe was poisoned with the story of his debaucheries. [Footnote A: See Abbott's History of Louis XIV, p. 223.]